The present invention concerns a coolant, present as an emulsion in the form of a concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics and material combinations containing fiber-reinforced plastics and metals; furthermore, the present invention also concerns a coolant, present as a solution in the form of concentrate, for machining fiber-reinforced plastics.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

Compositions comprising an acrylamide polymer emulsion and a nonionic surfactant suitable for use as friction reducers for hydraulic fracturing are disclosed. The nonionic surfactants include aralkylated phenol ethoxylates, amine ethoxylates, amidoamine ethoxylates, linear or branched alcohol EO/PO alkoxylates, ethoxylated alcohols, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and EO-capped poly(oxypropylene) block copolymers. Improved hydraulic fracturing processes in which an acrylamide polymer emulsion is used as a friction reducer are also described. In these processes, the surfactant is included in the composition with the acrylamide polymer friction reducer, or it is introduced separately into the process. The performance of low-cost polyacrylamide friction reducers can be boosted with a small proportion of certain readily available nonionic surfactants. The inventive compositions are effective in high-salinity environments, and their performance can sometimes exceed that of more-expensive salt-tolerant friction reducers, thereby reducing fresh water demand and enabling greater utilization of produced water.

An automotive lubricant base oil formulation contains a base oil, preferably a hydrocarbon base oil, having a kinematic viscosity of 100 centiStokes or less at 40 degrees Celsius and an ailcyl capped oil soluble polymer where the alkyl capped oil soluble polymer has the structure of Formula 0): where R.sup.1 is an alkyl having from one to thirty carbons, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently selected from alkyl groups having three or four carbons and can be in block form or randomly combined, R.sup.4 is an alkyl having from one to 18 carbon atoms, n and m are independently numbers ranging from zero to 20 provided that n+m is greater than zero and p is a number within a range of one to three and a kinematic viscosity of 100 centiStokes or less at 40 degrees Celsius is useful in a lubricant for mechanical devices.
R.sup.1[O(R.sup.2O).sub.n(R.sup.3O).sub.mR.sup.4].sub.p  (I)

The invention provides lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, and an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol, wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substituted with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 40 to 96 carbon atoms, and wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbyl groups. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device (such as an internal combustion engine) with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol in the lubricating composition to a passenger car internal combustion engine at least one of (i) control of fuel economy, (ii) control of corrosion, (iii) cleanliness, and (iv) control of bore wear.

The invention provides lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, and an oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol, wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substituted with at least one aliphatic hydrocarbyl group of 40 to 96 carbon atoms, and wherein the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol is substantially free of aromatic hydrocarbyl groups. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device (such as an internal combustion engine) with the lubricating composition. The invention further relates to the use of the oxyalkylated hydrocarbyl phenol in the lubricating composition to a passenger car internal combustion engine at least one of (i) control of fuel economy, (ii) control of corrosion, (iii) cleanliness, and (iv) control of bore wear.

A water-soluble quenching fluid composition prepared by blending: water, at least one kind selected from a polyoxyalkylene glycol and a derivative thereof (A), and at least one kind selected from an alkylene glycol ether (B) and a monocarboxylic acid (C), the polyoxyalkylene glycol or a derivative thereof (A) having a mass average molecular weight of 10,000 or more and 100,000 or less, the alkylene glycol ether (B) having a boiling point of 200° C. or more and a molecular weight per 1 mol of 1,000 g/mol or less.

A lubricant composition includes a biodegradable polyalkylene glycol, an inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol, and a non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol. The biodegradable polyalkylene glycol satisfies the biodegradability requirements set forth in OECD 301B. The inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol satisfy the inherently-biodegradability requirements set forth in OECD 301B. The non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol is defined by OECD 301B and satisfies the non-bioaccumulative requirements set forth in OECD 107. The lubricant composition includes the biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of at least about 30 parts by weight, the inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight, and the non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight, each based on 100 parts by weight of the lubricant composition.

A lubricant composition includes a biodegradable polyalkylene glycol, an inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol, and a non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol. The biodegradable polyalkylene glycol satisfies the biodegradability requirements set forth in OECD 301B. The inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol satisfy the inherently-biodegradability requirements set forth in OECD 301B. The non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol is defined by OECD 301B and satisfies the non-bioaccumulative requirements set forth in OECD 107. The lubricant composition includes the biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of at least about 30 parts by weight, the inherently-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight, and the non-biodegradable polyalkylene glycol in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 5 parts by weight, each based on 100 parts by weight of the lubricant composition.

The invention relates to liquid compositions for use with hair removal devices comprising a metathesized unsaturated polyol ester for improved lubrication.