The disclosed technology provides a method of lubricating a compression-ignition internal combustion engine with a maximum laden mass over 2,700 kg comprising supplying to the engine a lubricating composition comprising: an oil of lubricating viscosity, a 300 TBN or higher alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of 10 to 40, an alkaline earth metal sulfonate detergent having a metal ratio of 3 to 9, and a TBN of 81 to 180 mg KOH/g, wherein the sulfonate detergents provide a total amount of sulfonate substrate of 1 wt % to 3 wt % of the lubricating composition, 0.1 to 1.2 wt % of antioxidant, wherein at least 20 wt % of the antioxidant is a phenolic antioxidant, a borated compound present in an amount to deliver 25 ppm to 300 ppm of boron, the lubricating composition has a sulfated ash content of 0.5 wt % to not more than 1.5 wt %, and the lubricating composition has a TBN of 6.5 to 15 mg KOH/g.

A lubricating composition includes an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ionic tetrahedral borate compound which includes a cation and a tetrahedral borate anion which includes a boron atom, the boron atom having at least one aromatic bidentate di-oxo ligand. The compound may be represented by formula (I), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are selected from C.sub.1-48 hydrocarbyl groups or together form a substituted or unsubstituted 5- or 6-membered ring; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic ring; m is 0 or 1; X is hydrogen, a C.sub.1-24 hydrocarbyl group, OR.sup.5, NHR.sup.5, or=O, R.sup.5 is a C.sub.1-24 hydrocarbyl group; M represents the cation; and n is at least 1. The cation may be selected to provide detergent and/or dispersant properties to the lubricating composition. In the case of ammonium cations, the molecular weight may be 260 g/mol or higher for providing a highly soluble compound, particularly when X is=O.

##STR00001##

The invention provides a lubricating grease composition comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, a metallic soap thickener and a boron-containing compound, wherein the boron containing compound comprises a borate ester comprising at least one alkyl group having a branch at the position or higher. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating a mechanical device with the lubricant composition.

This invention relates to the use of a boron-containing additive in a non-aqueous lubricant composition as an inhibit or of lead corrosion associated with ashless, organic ester, anti-wear additives and/or friction modifiers.

The present patent application relates to the use, as detergent additive in a lubricating composition intended for a marine engine, of at least one spiro compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## in which M is an atom chosen from boron and aluminum; n1 and n2 have, independently of one another, the value 0, 1 or 2; and R represent, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms, in particular from 5 to 20 carbon atoms.

It also relates to the use of said spiro compound as additive in a lubricating composition intended for a marine engine, for improving the stability to oxidation of said lubricating composition.

Finally, it relates to a lubricating composition intended for the lubrication of a marine engine, comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I), and also to a process of lubrication of a marine engine employing such a composition.

Lubricating composition for preventing or reducing abnormal combustion in an engine

The present patent application relates to the use of a lubricating composition comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound with the following formula (I)

##STR00001## in which M is an atom selected from boron and aluminum; R, independently of one another, represents a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and n1 and n2, independently of one another, equal 0, 1 or 2; in order to prevent and/or reduce the abnormal consumption of fuel in an engine lubricated by means of said lubricating composition, in particular in a gas-powered engine.

The present patent application relates to the use, as detergent additive in a lubricating composition intended for a motorization system, of a spiro compound of formula (I)

##STR00001## in which M is an atom selected from boron and aluminum; R, independently of one another, represent a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and n1 and n2, independently of one another, equal 0, 1 or 2.

It also relates to a lubricating composition intended for the lubrication of a motorization system, comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I), and to a process for lubricating a motorization system using such a composition.

The present invention is directed to compounds comprising the reaction products of a phenolic ester polyol, a boron containing compound, and optionally, an alcohol. Also disclosed are compounds comprising the reaction products of a polyol, a boron containing compound, and a phenolic acid or ester. Lubricating oil compositions and additive concentrates comprising above compounds, and methods for operating an internal combustion engine using said lubricating oil compositions are also disclosed.

The disclosed technology relates to a method of minimizing electrically conductive deposits in an electrically conducting apparatus by lubricating the apparatus with a lubricant containing a borate ester.

The present patent application relates to the use, as detergent additive in a lubricating composition intended for a motorization system, of a spiro compound of formula (I) ##STR00001## in which M is an atom selected from boron and aluminum; R, independently of one another, represent a hydrocarbon group comprising from 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and n1 and n2, independently of one another, equal 0, 1 or 2. It also relates to a lubricating composition intended for the lubrication of a motorization system, comprising one or more base oils and at least one spiro compound of formula (I), and to a process for lubricating a motorization system using such a composition.