Provided herein are plants and plant parts containing mutation in LOX and/or FAD genes. Also disclosed are plants and plant parts comprising decreased LOX and/or FAD activity. Furthermore, provided herein are plants and plant parts, and products (e.g., protein compositions, oil) produced therefrom having reduced level of hexanal and/or hexanol, hexanol, linolenic acid, increased levels of oleic acid. Such plants, plant parts, and plant products can have improved flavor characteristics relative to the control WT plants. Plant oil having a high oleic acid content and a low linoleic/linolenic acid content is also provided. Also disclosed herein are methods and compositions of producing such plants and plant parts.

Disclosed herein are prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including E. coli and S. cerevisiae, genetically altered to biosynthesize tryptamine and tryptamine derivatives. The microbes of the disclosure may be engineered to contain plasmids and stable gene integrations containing sufficient genetic information for conversion of an anthranilate or an indole to a tryptamine. The fermentative production of substituted tryptamines in a whole-cell biocatalyst may be useful for cost effective production of these compounds for therapeutic use.

A peptide with anti-inflammatory activity is described, wherein the peptide comprises at least one amino acid sequence among SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179, the peptide has above 80% homology of amino acid sequence with above-mentioned sequences, or the peptide is the fragment of the above-mentioned peptides. An inflammatory composition comprising the above mentioned peptides is also described. The peptides that have at least one amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 to SEQ ID NO: 179 shows outstanding efficacy in both suppressing inflammation and in prophylactic means, Therefore, the composition comprising those peptides can be used as anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical compositions or as cosmetic compositions, in turn, treating and preventing a variety of different types of inflammatory diseases.

The present invention provides methods of marker-assisted selection for high oleic/low linolenic traits in canola and in other oil seed crop species, as well as isolated nucleic acids for use as molecular markers in such methods. In particular, molecular markers and Brassica nucleic acid corresponding to fad2 and fad3 gene mutations are disclosed. The markers of the present invention are highly useful for the direct selection of desirable fad2 and fad3 alleles during marker-assisted trait introgression and breeding. In one aspect of the embodiment, two single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers are provided that correspond to the alleles. Thus, the present invention advantageously permits one of skill in the art to breed for the molecular markers described herein, or derivatives thereof, rather than breeding for a high oleic/low linolenic phenotype.

The present invention relates to methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in recombinant cells such as yeast or plant cells. Also provided are recombinant cells or plants which produce long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a group of new enzymes which possess desaturase or elongase activity that can be used in methods of synthesizing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. In particular, the present invention provides ω3 destaurases, Δ5 elongases and Δ6 desaturases with novel activities. Also provided are methods and DNA constructs for transiently and/or stably transforming cells, particularly plant cells, with multiple genes.

The present invention relates to polynucleotides from Ostreococcus lucimarinus which code for desaturases and elongases and which can be employed for the recombinant production of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The invention furthermore relates to vectors, host cells and transgenic nonhuman organisms which comprise the polynucleotides, and to the polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides. Finally, the invention also relates to production processes for the polyunsaturated fatty acids and for oil, lipid and fatty acid compositions.

Isolated mogroside and mogrol biosynthetic pathway enzyme polypeptides useful in mogroside biosynthesis are provided. Mogroside biosynthetic pathway enzymes of the invention include squalene epoxidase (SE), expoxy hydratase (EH), cytochrome p450 (Cyp), cucurbitadienol synthase (CDS) and udp-glucosyl-transferase (UGT). Also provided are methods of producing a mogroside using the isolated mogroside and mogrol biosynthetic enzyme polypeptides, the methods comprising contacting a mogrol and/or a glycosylated mogrol (mogroside) with at least one UDP glucose glucosyl transferase (UGT) enzyme polypeptide of the invention catalyzing glucosylation of the mogrol and/or the glucosylated mogrol to produce a mogroside with an additional glucosyl moietie(s), thereby producing the mogroside. Alternatively or additionally provided is a method of synthesizing a mogrol, the method comprising contacting a mogrol precursor substrate with one or more mogrol biosynthetic pathway enzyme polypeptides as described herein catalyzing mogrol synthesis from the mogrol precursor substrate, thereby synthesizing the mogrol.

A genetically altered soybean plant, its parts (including seeds, cells, flowers, pollen), and its progeny produces at least one altered delta-twelve fatty acid desaturase 2 enzyme (FAD2), namely an altered FAD2-1A, an altered FAD2-1B, or both. This genetically altered soybean plant has reduced FAD2 enzymatic activity in its seeds, thereby producing higher amounts of oleic acid in its seeds than a wild-type soybean plant produces. Methods of generating this genetically altered soybean plant are provided.

This disclosure is directed to the methods of enhancing hematopoietic stem cells (HSPC) and progenitor cell (HSPC) engraftment procedure. Treatment in vivo of a HSPC donor with compounds that reduce PGE.sub.2 biosynthesis or PGE.sub.2 receptor antagonists alone, or in combination with other hematopoietic mobilization agents such as AMD3100 and G-CSF, increases the circulation of available HSPCs. Compounds that reduce the cellular synthesis of PGE.sub.2 include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds such as indomethacin. Treatment ex vivo of HSPC with an effective amount of PGE.sub.2 or at least one of its derivatives such as 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E.sub.2 (dmPGE.sub.2), promotes HSPC engraftment. Similar methods may also be used to increase viral-mediated gene transduction efficacy into HSPC.

Provided herein are methods for modulating the psilocybin biosynthesis pathway in fungi or other organisms. Also provided are genetically modified fungi and organisms with induced and/or increased expression of psilocybin and psilocin and psilocybin and/or psilocin compositions generated by the provided methods.