Provided herein are HER2-targeting molecules comprising Shiga toxin A Subunit derived polypeptides having 1) de-immunization and 2) reduced, protease-cleavage sensitivity while retaining Shiga toxin function(s), such as, e.g., potent cytotoxicity via ribosome inhibition. Certain HER2-targeting molecules of the present invention exhibit reduced immunogenic potential in mammals and are well-tolerated by mammals while retaining aforementioned features. The HER2-targeting molecules of the present invention have uses for selectively killing specific cells (e.g., HER positive tumor cells); for selectively delivering cargos to specific cells (e.g., HER positive tumor cells), and as therapeutic and/or diagnostic molecules for treating and diagnosing a variety of conditions, including cancers and tumors involving the expression or over-expression of cell-surface HER2.

The present disclosure provides methods of introducing site-specific mutations in a target cell and methods of determining efficacy of enzymes capable of introducing site-specific mutations. The present disclosure also provides methods of providing a bi-allelic sequence integration, methods of integrating of a sequence of interest into a locus in a genome of a cell, and methods of introducing a stable episomal vector in a cell. The present disclosure further provides methods of generating a human cell that is resistant to diphtheria toxin.

Microbial cell lines suitable for industrial-scale production of organic acids and methods of making and isolating such cell lines.

The instant specification provides for evolved base editors which overcome deficiencies of those in art (including increased efficiency and/or decreased requirement for specific sequence-context at an editing site) and which are obtained a result of a phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) system. In particular, the instant specification provides for evolved cytidine base editors (e.g., based on APOBEC1, CDA, or AID cytidine deaminase domains) which overcome deficiencies of those in art (including increased efficiency and/or decreased requirement for specific sequence-context at an editing site) and which are obtained a result of a phage-assisted continuous evolution (PACE) system.

Sequential assembly of oligonucleotide hairpins is used to create oligonucleotides with specific sequences. Each oligonucleotide hairpin includes a payload region containing one or more nucleotides that are added to the end of an anchor strand. Overhang regions on the oligonucleotide hairpins hybridize to anchor strands attached to a substrate. The hybridized oligonucleotide hairpins are covalently attached to the anchor strands by the activity of ligase. The oligonucleotide hairpins include an enzyme cleavage region which, when cleaved, separates the payload region from the remainder of the oligonucleotide hairpin. The oligonucleotide hairpin is separated from the anchor strand by denaturation and washed away. This process is repeated with additional oligonucleotide hairpins to add additional nucleotides to the ends of the anchor strands. A microelectrode array may be used to control the location of hybridization and create multiple oligonucleotides in parallel. Fully assembled oligonucleotides can be separated from the substrate and stored.

The invention features nucleobase editors and multi-effector nucleobase editors having an improved editing profile with minimal off-target deamination, compositions comprising such editors, and methods of using the same to generate modifications in target nucleobase sequences.

The invention relates to a genetically modified prokaryotic cell capable of improved iron-sulfur cluster delivery, characterized by a modified gene encoding a mutant Iron Sulfur Cluster Regulator (IscR) and one or more transgenes or upregulated endogenous genes encoding iron-sulfur (Fe—S) cluster polypeptides or proteins that catalyze complex radical-mediated molecular rearrangements, electron transfer, radical or non-redox reactions, sulfur donation or perform regulatory functions. The prokaryotic cells are characterized by enhanced activity of these iron-sulfur (Fe—S) cluster polypeptides, enhancing their respective functional capacity, and facilitating enhanced yields of compounds in free and protein-bound forms, including heme, hemoproteins, tetrapyrroles, B vitamins, amino acids, δ-aminolevulinic acid, biofuels, isoprenoids, pyrroloquinoline quinone, ammonia, indigo, or their precursors, whose biosynthesis depends on their activity. The invention further relates to a method for producing said compounds or their precursors using the genetically modified prokaryotic cell of the invention, and the use of the genetically modified prokaryotic cell.

The present invention is directed to T-cell epitope delivering polypeptides which deliver one or more CD8+ T-cell epitopes to the MHC class I presentation pathway of a cell, including toxin-derived polypeptides which comprise embedded T-cell epitopes and are de-immunized. The present invention provides cell-targeted, CD8+ T-cell epitope delivering molecules for the targeted delivery of cytotoxicity to certain cells, e.g., infected or malignant cells, for the targeted killing of specific cell types, and the treatment of a variety of diseases, disorders, and conditions, including cancers, immune disorders, and microbial infections. The present invention also provides methods of generating polypeptides capable of delivering one or more heterologous T-cell epitopes to the MHC class I presentation pathway, including polypeptides which are 1) B-cell and/or CD4+ T-cell de-immunized, 2) comprise embedded T-cell epitopes, and/or 3) comprises toxin effectors which retain toxin functions.

Provided herein are HER2-targeting molecules comprising Shiga toxin A Subunit derived polypeptides having 1) de-immunization and 2) reduced, protease-cleavage sensitivity while retaining Shiga toxin function(s), such as, e.g., potent cytotoxicity via ribosome inhibition. Certain HER2-targeting molecules of the present invention exhibit reduced immunogenic potential in mammals and are well-tolerated by mammals while retaining aforementioned features. The HER2-targeting molecules of the present invention have uses for selectively killing specific cells (e.g., HER positive tumor cells); for selectively delivering cargos to specific cells (e.g., HER positive tumor cells), and as therapeutic and/or diagnostic molecules for treating and diagnosing a variety of conditions, including cancers and tumors involving the expression or over-expression of cell-surface HER2.

Chimeric antigen receptors containing CD38 antigen binding domains are disclosed. Nucleic acids, recombinant expression vectors, host cells, antigen binding fragments, and pharmaceutical compositions, relating to the chimeric antigen receptors are also disclosed. Methods of treating or preventing cancer in a subject, and methods of making chimeric antigen receptor T cells are also disclosed.