A hierarchical catalyst composition comprising a continuous or particulate macroporous scaffold in which is incorporated mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles, wherein an enzyme is embedded in mesopores of the mesoporous aggregates of magnetic nanoparticles. Methods for synthesizing the hierarchical catalyst composition are also described. Also described are processes that use the recoverable hierarchical catalyst composition for depolymerizing lignin, remediation of water contaminated with aromatic substances, polymerizing monomers by a free-radical mechanism, epoxidation of alkenes, halogenation of phenols, inhibiting growth and function of microorganisms in a solution, and carbon dioxide conversion to methanol. Further described are methods for increasing the space time yield and/or total turnover number of a liquid-phase chemical reaction that includes magnetic particles to facilitate the chemical reaction, the method comprising subjecting the chemical reaction to a plurality of magnetic fields of selected magnetic strength, relative position in the chemical reaction, and relative motion.

Provided are a preparation method for an immobilized cell for tagatose production and a method for producing tagatose by using the immobilized cell. The preparation method for the immobilized cell comprises: mixing a fermentation broth of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis that expresses ?-glucan phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, tagatose 6-phosphate epimerase, and tagatose 6-phosphate phosphatase to obtain a fermentation mixture, adding inorganic soil and then performing uniform stirring, then adding a flocculant to flocculate bacteria, subsequently adding a cross-linking agent to cross-link, performing vacuum filtration to obtain a filter cake, using a rotary granulator to extrude the filter cake to granulate into a long strip, then cutting by means of a spherical shot blasting machine into particles having equal lengths, and performing boiling drying to obtain the immobilized cell for tagatose production. According to the present invention, separation and purification steps of an enzyme required in tagatose production are simplified, the recycling rate of the enzyme is improved, and the recycling of the enzyme is achieved.

Provided are a preparation method for an immobilized cell for tagatose production and a method for producing tagatose by using the immobilized cell. The preparation method for the immobilized cell comprises: mixing a fermentation broth of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis that expresses ?-glucan phosphorylase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, tagatose 6-phosphate epimerase, and tagatose 6-phosphate phosphatase to obtain a fermentation mixture, adding inorganic soil and then performing uniform stirring, then adding a flocculant to flocculate bacteria, subsequently adding a cross-linking agent to cross-link, performing vacuum filtration to obtain a filter cake, using a rotary granulator to extrude the filter cake to granulate into a long strip, then cutting by means of a spherical shot blasting machine into particles having equal lengths, and performing boiling drying to obtain the immobilized cell for tagatose production. According to the present invention, separation and purification steps of an enzyme required in tagatose production are simplified, the recycling rate of the enzyme is improved, and the recycling of the enzyme is achieved.

The application provides an enzyme immobilization carrier and a preparation method thereof, an immobilized enzyme and a preparation method thereof. The above enzyme immobilization carrier is obtained by an amino modification or a cyanuric chloride modification of super-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol. The use of the enzyme immobilization carrier provided by the application may effectively improve the stability and reusability of the immobilized enzyme. Moreover, due to the use of the form of enzyme covalent linkage, compared with an embedding method, the preparation method is no need for chemical reagent immersion and the like, it is beneficial to maintain the own activity of the enzyme, and promote the immobilized enzyme to have the better activity while the stability and reusability are kept.

The invention provides a non-particulate cross-linked poly--lysine polymer. The poly--lysine and cross linker are linked by amide bonds and may the cross linker has at least two functional groups capable of reacting with an alpha carbon amine of poly--lysine. The polymer is suitably insoluble in water and other solvents and is provided in macro form for example a sheet, article or fiber. The macro form polymer is useful in a wide range of applications including wound treatment, as a medical diagnostic comprising a particulate support and a functional material bound or retained by the support and solid phase synthesis of peptides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, immobilisation of species, cell culturing and in chromatographic separation.

A polymer support of immobilized microorganisms has been shown to be effective in reducing total nitrogen content, removing ammonia, nitrates and nitrites and suitable for the cleaning of wastewater and for the preparation and cleaning of drinking water.

The invention provides a non-particulate cross-linked poly--lysine polymer. The poly--lysine and cross linker are linked by amide bonds and may the cross linker has at least two functional groups capable of reacting with an alpha carbon amine of poly--lysine. The polymer is suitably insoluble in water and other solvents and is provided in macro form for example a sheet, article or fibre. The macro form polymer is useful in a wide range of applications including wound treatment, as a medical diagnostic comprising a particulate support and a functional material bound or retained by the support and solid phase synthesis of peptides, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, immobilisation of species, cell culturing and in chromatographic separation.

Disclosed herein is a structure having: a porous polymeric film permeated by a first extracellular matrix material; and a topcoat layer comprising a second extracellular matrix gel disposed on the film. Also disclosed herein is a method of: providing a porous polymeric film; permeating the film with a first extracellular matrix material; and applying a topcoat layer of a second extracellular matrix material to the film. Also disclosed herein is a method of: laser-machining holes through a film comprising collagen to form a web-like structure.

The present disclosure relates generally to encapsulated strict obligate anaerobic bacteria, (e.g., Megasphaera eldesdenii and Ruminicoccus bromi), compositions comprising same, and the use of said capsules and/or compositions to deliver the strict obligate anaerobic bacteria to the gastrointestinal tract (GI) of an animal, such as a livestock animal (e.g., a ruminant or hindgut fermenter). The present disclosure relates to the encapsulation of strict obligate anaerobic bacteria which utilize lactic acid and/or starch and the use of those encapsulated bacteria in the field of animal health and nutrition. In particular examples, the present disclosure utilises porous capsules comprising surface pores with a molecular weight cut off between 50 and 200 kDa and wall comprising a complex formed from sodium cellulose sulphate and poly [dimethyldially-ammonium chloride].

In one aspects of the invention, a microcapsule includes a film encapsulating a material. The film is formed by complexation of at least two mutually attractive components initially present in an aqueous dispersion comprising a continuous phase and a dispersed phase. The at least one first component is initially present in the continuous phase and the at least one second component is initially present in the dispersed phase. According to another aspect of the invention, provided is a process for forming microcapsules including the step of injecting a dispersed phase having at least a first component into a continuous phase having at least a second component, where the first component and the second component are mutually attractive, such that a film is formed by complexation of the first charged component and the second charged component.