Disclosed herein are cells including pluripotent stem cells that conditionally express an immunosuppressive factor and related methods of their use and generation. In some embodiments, the cells disclosed do not express MHC I and MHC II human leukocyte antigens, and in some cases, also do not express one or more TCR complexes. In some embodiments, hypoimmunogenicity of the cells is controlled by activation of a controllable expression system upon contacting the cells with a specific factor or agent.

The present disclosure relates to immunogenic compositions comprising a varicella zoster vims (VZV) glycoprotein E antigen and a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, such as an oligonucleotide comprising an unmethylated cytidine-phospho-guanosine (CpG) motif. The immunogenic compositions are suitable for stimulating an immune response against VZV in an individual in need thereof.

The present disclosure relates, in general, to oligonucleotides that stimulate STING (STimulator of INterferon Genes) activity and increase activity of immune cells. The disclosed STING activators (STAVs) are useful in the treatment of cancer and other immune-mediated conditions.

The present invention provides RIG-I agonists. In certain embodiments, the agonists of the invention can be used to induce a type I interferon response in a cell.

A nucleotide is useful in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis and other diseases or in functional foods for relieving allergic rhinitis symptoms. The nucleotide is a mixture of five nucleotides, i.e., CMP, AMP, UMP, GMP and IMP, with a small molecular weight, rapid absorption into the human body and high bioavailability. The intake of nucleotide can play a role of treating allergic diseases by alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms, relieving allergy-induced splenomegaly, significantly reducing histamine levels in serum and nasal lavage fluid, and effectively regulating inflammatory factors.

A nucleotide is useful in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis and other diseases or in functional foods for relieving allergic rhinitis symptoms. The nucleotide is a mixture of five nucleotides, i.e., CMP, AMP, UMP, GMP and IMP, with a small molecular weight, rapid absorption into the human body and high bioavailability. The intake of nucleotide can play a role of treating allergic diseases by alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms, relieving allergy-induced splenomegaly, significantly reducing histamine levels in serum and nasal lavage fluid, and effectively regulating inflammatory factors.

Provided are an immunomodulatory CpG ODN chemically modified by means of a structure as shown by general formula I and the use thereof. The CpG ODN has an immunostimulatory activity, can stimulate the proliferation of B cells, and produce specific cytokines. The above-mentioned CpG ODN can be used as a vaccine adjuvant alone or in combination with other adjuvants to exert a synergistic effect, and can also be used in the preparation of drugs for preventing or treating tumors, infections, and allergies.

Provided are an immunomodulatory CpG ODN chemically modified by means of a structure as shown by general formula I and the use thereof. The CpG ODN has an immunostimulatory activity, can stimulate the proliferation of B cells, and produce specific cytokines. The above-mentioned CpG ODN can be used as a vaccine adjuvant alone or in combination with other adjuvants to exert a synergistic effect, and can also be used in the preparation of drugs for preventing or treating tumors, infections, and allergies.

RNA encoding an immunogen is delivered to a large mammal at a dose of between 2 μg and 100 μg. Thus the invention provides a method of raising an immune response in a large mammal, comprising administering to the mammal a dose of between 2 μg and 100 μg of immunogen-encoding RNA. Similarly, RNA encoding an immunogen can be delivered to a large mammal at a dose of 3 ng/kg to 150 ng/kg. The delivered RNA can elicit an immune response in the large mammal.

RNA encoding an immunogen is delivered to a large mammal at a dose of between 2 μg and 100 μg. Thus the invention provides a method of raising an immune response in a large mammal, comprising administering to the mammal a dose of between 2 μg and 100 μg of immunogen-encoding RNA. Similarly, RNA encoding an immunogen can be delivered to a large mammal at a dose of 3 ng/kg to 150 ng/kg. The delivered RNA can elicit an immune response in the large mammal.