This invention relates to a novel mRNA composition and its production method useful for developing and manufacturing RNA-based anti-viral and/or anti-cancer vaccines and medicines. This invention includes two types of mRNA constructs, namely “5′-hairpin messenger RNA (5hmRNA)” and “messenger-hairpin-messenger RNA (mhmRNA)”, respectively. Both of 5hmRNA and mhmRNA contain at least a hairpin-like stem-loop RNA structure. The 5hmRNA contains at least a stem-loop RNA structure in the 5′-UTR of a protein/peptide-coding mRNA, while the mhmRNA contains a middle stem-loop structure flanked with two protein/peptide-coding mRNA sequences on both sides. In mhmRNA, the first 5′-mRNA preferably encodes an RNA replicase, for amplifying the second 3′-mRNA in transfected cells. After transfection into target cells, 5hmRNA and mhmRNA can be further translated into at least a desired protein/peptide. To produce highly structured 5hmRNA and mhmRNA, a novel PCR-IVT methodology has been developed and used with a specially designed RNA polymerase-helicase mixture reaction

This invention generally relates to a novel RNA composition and its production method useful for generating and expanding induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells; iPSC) as well as adult stem cells (ASC). The RNA composition so defined can be used for producing not only non-transgenic but also tumor-free iPS cells. The defined RNA composition contans at least two types of different RNA constructs; one is “miR-302 precursor RNA (pre-miR-302)” and the other is “RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)” mRNA. Both of pre-miR-302 and RdRp mRNA contain highly structured RNA comformations, such as hairpin and stem-loop structures. To produce highly structured RNAs, a novel PCR-IVT methodology has been developed and used with a specially designed RNA polymerase-helicase mixture activity.

Described are methods for promoting increase in plant biomass and yield. This increase has its visible effects in organs such as leaf, stem, root and production of fruits and seeds. Further described is the increase in tolerance of those plants to drought, generating plants better adapted to the environmental changes, improving their growth, biomass and yield.

The described invention provides compositions and methods for treating a fibrotic condition in a subject. The methods include administering a therapeutic amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising synthetic extracellular vesicles (EVs) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention relates to a method for providing information on the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The present invention also relates to a composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating Parkinson's disease. The present invention uses at least one miRNA whose expression is specifically down- or up-regulated in a Parkinson's disease model. Therefore, the use of the miRNA is effective in diagnosing and treating Parkinson's disease.

A transkingdom platform for the delivery of therapeutics to target cells. The system maintains the export and uptake functions of Inv while modifying its targeting away from 1 integrin to other proteins expressed on the surface of target eukaryotic cells (i.e., a cell surface protein) or chemical moieties (i.e., a cell surface chemical moiety) expressed on the surface of a target eukaryotic cell by replacing D4 and D5 of Inv with a binding domain from a heterologous protein via genetic engineering. These heterologous proteins could be derived from bacterial, fungal, animal, or viral genomes. This engineering would result in the construction of a chimeric Inv protein in which D1-D3 (i.e., the non-binding domains) are fused in frame to an alternative binding domain derived from a heterologous protein. The alternative binding domain would interact with a different cell surface protein or chemical moiety, which can in some instances be referred to as a receptor, on the surface on the surface of a eukaryotic cell, thereby allowing specific targeting to cells independent of Inv's intrinsic 1 integrin binding.

The present invention relates generally to methods and compositions for gene therapy and immunotherapy that activate gamma delta T-cells, and in particular, can be used in the treatment of various cancers and infectious diseases.

This disclosure relates to the field of exosome delivery systems. In particular, compositions comprising adipose-derived exosomes that may be used as a delivery system are encompassed. The exosome delivery system can be used to deliver exogenous cargo such as miRNA and other inhibitory RNAs, as well as proteins, to target cells in a subject.

The present disclosure relates to methods of targeting specific cell types within the cochlea using optimized gene therapy vectors. In particular, the disclosure provides gene therapy vectors to specifically target cochlear cells and methods of treating hearing impairment and hearing-loss related disorders.

The present disclosure provides dual viruses capable of producing a primary virus and a secondary virus, and dual oncolytic viruses capable of producing a primary oncolytic virus and a secondary oncolytic virus.