The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of gene expression and/or activity, and/or modulate a gene expression pathway. Specifically, the invention relates to double-stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules that are capable of mediating or that mediate RNA interference (RNAi) against target gene expression.

Provided herein are methods for decreasing LRRK2 mRNA expression. Such methods are useful to ameliorate LRRK2 associated diseases. Such LRRK2 associated diseases include Parkinson's Disease, including non-LRRK2 mediated Parkinson's Disease.

Provided is a single-stranded oligonucleotide that is capable of controlling a target gene with high efficiency and can be easily produced. The single-stranded oligonucleotide is represented by the formula X-L-Y wherein X and Y hybridize by a first nucleotide sequence portion and a second nucleotide sequence portion. X is composed of 7 to 100 nucleotides, contains at least one modified nucleotide, and has a first nucleotide sequence that is capable of hybridizing with a second oligonucleotide and contains at least four contiguous nucleotides recognized by RNase H. Y is composed of 4 to 100 nucleotides, and has a second nucleotide sequence that is capable of hybridizing with a second oligonucleotide and contains at least one ribonucleotide. At least one of nucleotide sequence X and nucleotide sequence Y has an antisense sequence capable of hybridizing with a target RNA. L is a group derived from a third oligonucleotide that is degraded under physiological conditions.

Provided herein, in some embodiments, are materials and methods for treating hemophilia A in a subject ex vivo or in vivo. Also provided herein, in some embodiments, are materials and methods for knocking in a coding sequence encoding a synthetic FVIII having a B domain substitute into a genome.

Provided are a siRNA for inhibiting the expression of hepatitis B virus gene, and a pharmaceutical composition and conjugate containing the siRNA. Each nucleotide in the siRNA is independently a modified nucleotide. The siRNA comprises a sense strand and an antisense strand. The sense strand of the siRNA comprises a nucleotide sequence 1 having the same length and no more than three nucleotides different from the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 155, and the antisense strand of the siRNA comprises a nucleotide sequence 2 having the same length and no more than three nucleotides different from the nucleotide sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 156.

The present embodiments provide methods, compounds, and compositions useful for inhibiting APOL1 expression, which may be useful for treating, preventing, or ameliorating a disease associated with APOL1.

The disclosure relates to compositions comprising a nucleotide sequence having two domains: a locked nucleic acid (LNA) domain and a DNA gap domain, wherein nucleotide sequence binds to an endogenous DUX4 mRNA sequence disrupts DUX4 expression.

Provided herein are DNA aptamers targeting AXL receptor kinase. The DNA aptamers may comprise a thiophosphate backbone and be chemically modified. Further provided herein are methods of use thereof for the treatment of a disease or disorder, such as cancer.

Provided are compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions for reducing the amount or activity of APP RNA in a cell or animal, and in certain instances reducing the amount of APP protein in a cell or animal Such compounds, methods, and pharmaceutical compositions are useful to ameliorate at least one symptom or hallmark of a neurodegenerative disease. Such symptoms and hallmarks include cognitive impairment, including a decline in memory and language skills, behavioral and psychological symptoms such as apathy and lack of motivation, gait disturbances and seizures, progressive dementia, and abnormal amyloid deposits.

A novel anti-tumor agent capable of delivering siRNA or shRNA specifically to pancreatic cancer cells and suppressing tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer is provided. The present invention provides a nucleic acid delivery enhancer for delivering siRNA or shRNA into cells, which consists of a folic acid-cationic oligopeptide complex. The present invention also provides an anti-tumor agent having siRNA or shRNA capable of binding to mRNA or snoRNA expressed in pancreatic cancer cells to inhibit its expression and a folic acid-cationic oligopeptide complex. The siRNA is capable of binding to RNA selected from the group consisting of, for example, SNORA18 snoRNA, NUP85 mRNA, WASF2 mRNA, and SNORA22 snoRNA.