In some embodiments provided herein is a method of treating a coagulopathy in a subject that is being administered or has been administered an antiplatelet agent, the method comprising: (a) determining that the subject has an abnormal result for evaluation of one or more clotting parameters; and (b) after (a), administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a composition comprising platelets or platelet derivatives and an incubating agent comprising one or more salts, a buffer, optionally a cryoprotectant, and optionally an organic solvent.

A production method for pluripotent stem cells is provided, the method including the following (a) and (b): (a) a process filling a culture container with a liquid medium and thereafter raising, the temperature of the liquid medium in the culture container to the temperature at which pluripotent stem cells can proliferate; and (b) a process seeding pluripotent stem cells in the liquid medium in the culture container and culturing the pluripotent stem cells in suspension.

Delivering a payload across a plasma membrane of a cell includes providing a population of cells and contacting the population of cells with a volume of an aqueous solution. The aqueous solution includes the payload and alcohol content greater than 5 percent concentration. The volume of the aqueous solution may be a function of exposed surface area of the population of cells, or may be a function of a number of cells in the population of cells. Related compositions, apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

Systems and methods for creating cell sheets with high extracellular (ECM) content, while controlling cell alignment, are described. The method is simple, easy to perform, has a low-cost, and uses non-toxic and food-grade and food-safe materials. The method allows for cell alignment in sophisticated patterns using simple molding process with 3D printed molds prepared with cheap open-source 3D printers and using different types of filament materials. The method allows for the reuse of the silicone-based membranes by simple autoclaving and/or an isopropanol washing step. The method also creates multi-layer cell constructs and induced ECM production with optional ECM crosslinking using food-grade materials resulting in strong sheets formed in a short process that can be formed using simple scraping.

The disclosure discloses recombinant Bacillus subtilis for synthesizing e lacto-N-neotetraose yield. The recombinant Bacillus subtilis is obtained by integrating two β-1,4-galactotransferase genes on a genome of a host bacterium Bacillus subtilis 168ΔamyE:P.sub.43-lacY, P.sub.43-lgtB, P.sub.xylA-comK and exogenously expressing a β-1,3-N-glucosaminotransferase gene. Compared with a strain before transformation, the recombinant Bacillus subtilis of the disclosure improves the yield of the synthesized lacto-N-neotetraose from 720 mg/L to 1300 mg/L, laying a foundation for further metabolic engineering transformation of Bacillus subtilis for producing the lacto-N-neotetraose.

Provided herein are compositions and formulations that are useful for stabilizing one or more bacteria (e.g., through drying). Methods of stabilizing the one or more bacteria are also disclosed.

Provided is a new use of a TGF-β small molecule inhibitor in the field of neuroregeneration, which can be used for the in vitro regeneration and directed differentiation of various nerve cells and brain-like organs. By adding same to a set of basal media having clear chemical compositions. pluripotent stem cells can be induced into adult cells derived from a variety of neural stem cells, and the number of induced nerve cells and the size of organoids can be greatly increased. The induction system provided in the present invention expands new functions of a single small molecule in the field of ectodermal cell induction and differentiation and at the same time avoids the use of B27 and other serum substitutes, thereby completely avoiding the potential risks caused by the presence of animal-derived components in cell culture processes, and greatly expanding the clinical prospects of a variety of nerve cell transplantations.

The invention relates to a method of culturing mammalian cells expressing a heterologous protein in a perfusion cell culture comprising increasing the potassium concentration and decreasing the molar ratio of sodium to potassium to reduce wasteful cell bleed and to increase protein production. The invention further relates to a serum-free perfusion medium comprising a high potassium ion concentration and a low molar ratio of sodium to potassium and to the use of this medium for use in culturing cells in a perfusion culture during production phase or for reducing the cell bleed volume during production phase.

Disclosed herein are methods of culturing immune cells in a medium comprising at least about 5 mM potassium ion, wherein the medium is capable of increasing the stemness of the immune cells. In some aspects, the immune cells which are cultured using the methods provided herein are modified to express a ROR1-binding protein and have increased level of c-Jun protein. In some aspects, the immune cells are administered to a subject in need thereof.

The present invention relates to a method to selectively produce metabolites from microalgae Galdieria sp. The method of the present invention comprises multiplying the biomass of the microalgae in mixotrophic and/or heterotrophic conditions with the presence of salts, separating the biomass, washing the biomass and inducing the production of metabolites, where the culture conditions of the metabolite production stage depend on the molecule that is desired to be obtained.