Provided herein are methods of producing natural killer cells using a two-step expansion and differentiation method. Also provided herein are methods of suppressing tumor cell proliferation, of treating individuals having cancer or a viral infection, comprising administering the NK cells produced by the method to an individual having the cancer or viral infection.

Methods are provided for the production of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells. Additionally provided are compositions of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor cells, as well as methods for the therapeutic use thereof. Exemplary methods may produce substantially pure cultures of photoreceptor cells and/or photoreceptor cells.

The present invention relates in part to methods for producing tissue-specific cells from patient samples, and to tissue-specific cells produced using these methods. Methods for reprogramming cells using RNA are disclosed. Therapeutics comprising cells produced using these methods are also disclosed.

Methods are provided for the production of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells. Additionally provided are compositions of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor cells, as well as methods for the therapeutic use thereof. Exemplary methods may produce substantially pure cultures of photoreceptor cells and/or photoreceptor cells.

Methods of culturing cells capable of producing desired proteins to obtain the proteins by use of a medium from which biological components are excluded as much as possible are provided. Specifically, a culture method characterized by culturing while maintaining a specific amino acid in a culture solution at a high concentration, and a cell culture fed-batch medium for use in the method are provided.

The present invention relates generally to glutamine-free cell culture media supplemented with asparagine. The invention further concerns the production of recombinant proteins, such as antibodies, in asparagine-supplemented glutamine-free mammalian cell culture.

A method for improving the effect of the oocyte cryopreservation by reducing the mitochondrial temperature is provided. The invention uses a culture medium containing metformin for pretreatment before oocyte freezing; the pre-treated oocytes are then placed in a 20% ethylene glycol solution for balancing, and then the oocytes are placed in a vitrification solution for freezing and are submerged into liquid nitrogen. The method of this invention can effectively reduce the mitochondrial temperature of porcine oocytes, reduce the fluidity of cell membrane, and does not affect the embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation, it can restore the mitochondrial temperature of oocytes after thawing, improve the survival rate after thawing, which can effectively improve the utilization rate of frozen oocytes, it has wide application prospect.

The present invention relates in part to methods for producing tissue-specific cells from patient samples, and to tissue-specific cells produced using these methods. Methods for reprogramming cells using RNA are disclosed. Therapeutics comprising cells produced using these methods are also disclosed.

The current invention reports the use of meta-tyrosine for increasing the specific productivity of a eukaryotic cell that produces/expresses a polypeptide. In the current method it is not necessary to perform a temperature-, osmolality- or pH shift or to add drugs like valproic acid or sodium butyrate to modulate the specific productivity of the cultivated cells. The method does not affect cell viability or product titer.

The present invention relates in part to methods for producing tissue-specific cells from patient samples, and to tissue-specific cells produced using these methods. Methods for reprogramming cells using RNA are disclosed. Therapeutics comprising cells produced using these methods are also disclosed.