An in vitro method of expanding γδ T cells includes isolating γδ T cells from a blood sample of a human subject, activating the isolated γδ T cells in the presence of an aminobisphosphonate and/or a feeder cell and at least one cytokine, expanding the activated γδ T cells, and optionally restimulating the expanded γδ T cells.

The present invention relates to a method for producing induced natural killer (iNK) cells, into which a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) gene encoding a CAR is introduced, iNK cells produced by the method, and a cell therapy composition and a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer, comprising the iNK cells.

The method according to the present invention has the effects of producing the iNK cells, into which a CAR gene is introduced, with high efficiency through direct reprogramming from isolated cells without limiting an initial cell, and directly producing the same without a differentiation process, thereby simplifying the production process and reducing costs and time. The method according to the present invention has the effect of producing excellent NK cells having enhanced safety by directly producing NK cells from human somatic cells that are easy to obtain, without passing through induced pluripotent stem cells produced through conventional reprogramming technology. In addition, the iNK cells, into which a CAR gene is introduced, produced by the method, have an excellent cancer cell killing ability, and thus can be effectively utilized as a cell therapy composition or a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating cancer.

Provided are compounds that target the lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway and cells, such as immune cells, prepared in vitro with the compounds. The compounds and cells can be used to treat a number of conditions, including infectious diseases, hyperproliferative disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, chronic immunometabolic diseases, autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, inflammatory disorders, and chronic pain, among others.

This document provides methods and materials for producing CD8.sup.+ T cells. For example, methods and materials for using low glucose levels (e.g., from about 0.3 mM to about 0.7 mM glucose) to culture cells to produce particular populations of T cells (e.g., CD8.sup.+ T cells such as tissue resident memory T cells) are provided.

In vitro biomimetic models of the neonatal immune system are provided along with methods of using the models in pre-clinical assessment of infant immune cell-mediated and humoral responses to immunogenic stimulation, such as vaccination. The models include one comprising cord blood-derived T follicular helper cells and B cells, and one comprising cord blood-derived dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells. The models can be used, for example, to assess candidate vaccines via analysis of cellular responses to antigen and vaccine exposure.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

To enable stable supply of differentiated T cells, the present invention provides a method for producing, or a method for expansion culture, or a kit for expansion culture of a CD3-positive cell in which T cell marker CD3 is expressed on the cell membrane.

The present invention relates to peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and cells for use in immunotherapeutic methods. In particular, the present invention relates to the immunotherapy of cancer. The present invention furthermore relates to tumor-associated T-cell peptide epitopes, alone or in combination with other tumor-associated peptides that can for example serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients of vaccine compositions that stimulate anti-tumor immune responses, or to stimulate T cells ex vivo and transfer into patients. Peptides bound to molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or peptides as such, can also be targets of antibodies, soluble T-cell receptors, and other binding molecules.

The present disclosure generally relates to compositions of NK cells for adoptive transfer. In particular, the disclosure relates to enhancing viability, proliferation and cytotoxicity of feeder-free NK cells following cryopreservation.

Compounds that either produced a higher proportion or greater absolute number of phenotypically identified nave, stem cell memory, central memory T cells, adaptive NK cells, and type I NKT cells are identified. Compositions and methods for modulating immune cells including T, NK, and NKT cells for adoptive cell therapies with improved efficacy are provided.