Methods are provided for the production of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells. Additionally provided are compositions of photoreceptor cells and photoreceptor cells, as well as methods for the therapeutic use thereof. Exemplary methods may produce substantially pure cultures of photoreceptor cells and/or photoreceptor cells.

Aspects of the present invention include methods and compositions related to the production and use of pluripotent stem cell-derived clonal embryonic progenitor cell types useful in the generation of cellular components of brown adipocyte tissue for research and therapy relating to applications in obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Provided herein are methods of generating MDSCs ex vivo. The methods include culturing blood cells with an LRP2 agonist.

The present invention relates to methods for obtaining a substantially pure population of pluripotent stem cell-derived airway basal-like cells. It also relates to a method of obtaining an in vitro pluripotent stem cell-derived airway epithelium model, utilising the pluripotent stem cell-derived airway basal-like cells. The invention further relates to an in vitro airway epithelial model, or lung model, which can be used for disease modelling and/or drug screening and in particular to an in vitro model for SARS-CoV-2 infection and for screening for agents effective against infection with SARS-CoV-2 i.e. COVID-19 and methods of using the same.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for Alzheimer's treatment containing as an active ingredient of late-stage human mesenchymal stem cells induced into glia-like cells (ghMSCs). When the glia-like cells differentiated from the late-stage human mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with neural stem cells having toxicity induced by amyloid beta, effects of increasing the reduced viability and proliferative potential of the neural stem cells and reducing the increased cytotoxicity of the neural stem cells were verified. In addition, the expression of inflammasomes is reduced, and effects of improving long-term memory with respect to spatial perception ability and enhancing spatial cognitive ability in Alzheimer-induced mouse models were verified. Therefore, the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be advantageously used in Alzheimer's treatment.

The present invention provides a method for producing a retinal progenitor cell, including (1) a first step of subjecting pluripotent stem cells to floating culture in a serum-free medium to form an aggregate of pluripotent stem cells, and (2) a second step of subjecting the aggregate formed in step (1) to floating culture in a serum-free medium or serum-containing medium each being free of a substance acting on the Sonic hedgehog signal transduction pathway but containing a substance acting on the BMP signal transduction pathway, thereby obtaining an aggregate containing retinal progenitor cells.

There is provided inter alia according to the invention an ex vivo method of obtaining tolerogenic antigen presenting cells (APCs) that have the capability to induce tolerance in the immune system to an antigen, the method comprising (a) isolating monocytes from a sample obtained from a mammal; and (b) culturing the isolated monocytes in a cell culture to induce differentiation of the monocytes into antigen presenting cells having a tolerogenic phenotype, wherein the cell culture comprises (i) retinoic acid and TGFbeta, (ii) retinoic acid, TGFbeta and an AhR agonist or (iii) retinoic acid and an AhR agonist.

The method for producing a cell aggregate including glial progenitor cells according to the present invention comprises: (1) a step of subjecting pluripotent stem cells to suspension culture in an embryoid-body-forming culture medium containing one or more SMAD signaling inhibitors and one or more Wnt signaling activators in the absence of feeder cells for 5 days to 10 days, to form a cell aggregate; (2) a step of subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in (1) to suspension culture in an embryoid-body-forming culture medium containing retinoic acid; (3) a step of subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in (2) to suspension culture in an embryoid-body-forming culture medium or neuron-and-glia-proliferating culture medium containing retinoic acid and one or more SHH signaling activators; and (4) a step of subjecting the cell aggregate obtained in (3) to suspension culture in a neuron-and-glia-proliferating culture medium containing no retinoic acid and one or more SHH signaling activators.

The present invention relates to a cryopreserved in vitro cell culture comprising human pancreatic progenitor cells that co-express pancreatic-duodenal homeobox factor-1 (PDX1) and NK6 homeobox 1 (NKX6.1) and are chromogranin negative. The present invention also relates to a method for cryopreserving an in vitro population of human pancreatic progenitor cells that co-express PDX1 and NKX6.1 and are chromogranin negative.

Disclosed herein are synthetic leathers, artificial epidermal layers, artificial dermal layers, layered structures, products produced therefrom and methods of producing the same.