The present disclosure relates to a cryopreserved pharmaceutical composition comprising immature dental pulp stem cells (IDPSCs) expressing SOX-1 and SOX-2 and methods of treating a neurological disease or condition comprising systemically administering to a subject a cryopreserved pharmaceutical composition comprising IDPSCs expressing SOX-1 and SOX-2.

The method disclosed herein is for evaluating the quality of a transplant neural retina by sampling a part or the whole of a cell aggregate containing a neural retina having an epithelial structure derived from a pluripotent stem cell as a sample for quality evaluation.

Disclosed herein are methods, compositions, kits, and agents useful for inducing β cell maturation, and isolated populations of SC-β cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.

Compositions and methods of producing mammalian cell populations that include a high proportion of pancreatic beta cells are described herein. Such cell populations are useful for treatment of diabetes. Also provided are materials and methods for the direct differentiation of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, into functional pancreatic beta cells. The disclosure provides the benefit of direct differentiation, which results in the production of functional pancreatic beta cells efficiently and at low cost.

Spheroid microtissues that can mimic native tissue-like structure and function, spheroid production methods that are high-throughput, suitable for efficient production, maintainable over long-term culture, and/or offer repeatable control over size distribution. Spheroids that have blood vessels, including spheroids with functional, blood-perfused vascular networks upon injection in vivo. Dissolvable hydrogel microwell arrays for high throughput parallel formation of spheroids in a single pipetting step and easy retrieval for downstream applications. A method to produce prevascularized microtissues in sufficient numbers to form a macrotissue in vivo for therapeutic purposes. This method is based on sacrificial release of dissolvable microwell templates, a novel and scalable strategy which enables gentle harvesting of microtissues with control over size and composition. The method forms microtissues containing endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells, which are co-cultured under dynamic conditions and self-organize into blood-vessel units.

The invention features pancreatic islet and pancreatic organoids, and cell cultures and methods that are useful for the rapid and reliable generation of pancreatic islet and pancreatic islet organoids. The invention also features methods of treating pancreatic diseases and methods of identifying agents that are useful for treatment of pancreatic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and pancreatic cancer, using the pancreatic islet and pancreatic organoids of the invention.

Human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated in vitro into oligodendro-spheroids comprising oligodendrocytes for use in analysis, screening programs, and the like.

The present invention relates to the discovery that different stem cell types (e.g., bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (RM-MSC) and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC)) undergo large changes in lung epithelial marker 5 expression depending on the substrate on which they are cultured. The present invention includes methods and compositions for differentiating of mesenchymal stem cells, such as bone marrow and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells, into lung cells, populations of lung cells, and methods of alleviating or treating a lung defect in a subject in need thereof.

A population of enteroendocrine cells (EEC) is obtained from a mammalian post-natal cell population, such as a population including post-natal stem cells, by treating the population with a plurality of small molecules that upregulate ChgA and promote differentiation of the cells to form the enteroendocrine cells. The upregulation of ChgA is such that the fraction of cells expressing CGA in the obtained cell population, as measured by a ChgA Immunostaining Assay, is at least about 1.5%. Small molecules that can be used to differentiate the post-natal cells into the enteroendocrine cells can include at least one of a Wnt activator, a Notch inhibitor, a Wnt inhibitor, a MEK/ERK inhibitor, a growth factor, a HDAC inhibitor, a Histone Methylation Inhibitor, a Tgf-β inhibitor, and a NeuroD1 activator. Also, the insulin expression of a population of mammalian cells is increased by treating the population with a plurality of small molecules that increase the insulin expression.

The present invention belongs to the field of biomedicine, and relates to an inducer for inducing a mesenchymal stem cell to differentiate into an islet cell. An inducer for inducing a mesenchymal stem cell to differentiate into an islet cell consisted of the following components: GLP-1, parathyroid hormone, paracetamol, rapamycin, icariin, trametinib, EPO and VEGF. Each component in a inducer for inducing a mesenchymal stem cell to differentiate into an islet cell of the present invention is safe and non-toxic, requiring fewer steps and short time to induce differentiation, with high induction efficiency.