Described is a method of forming a mineralized material by co-culturing epithelial cell, such as ameloblast, and mesenchymal cell, such as osteoblast or odontoblast, in a mineral-stimulating medium. Also described is a matrix seeded with epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells and infused with a mineral-stimulating medium capable of forming a mineralized material in the matrix. Methods of manufacturing such compositions and methods of treating mineralization-related conditions are also described.

Human progenitor T cells that are able to successfully engraft a murine thymus and differentiate into mature human T and NK cells are described. The human progenitor T cells have the phenotype CD34+CD7+CD 1aCD5 or CD34+CD7+CD1aCD5+ and are derived from human hematopoietic stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells by coculture with cells expressing a Notch receptor ligand (OP9-DL1 or OP9-DL4). Such cells are useful in a variety of applications including immune reconstitution, the treatment of immunodeficiencies and as carriers for genes used in gene therapy.

The present invention relates to a method for differentiating stem cells into hard tissues, and may induce differentiation into hard tissues through different cell development processes using different cell culture supports during differentiation.