The present disclosure relates to compositions, kits, and methods of making RNA vaccines having an appropriate cap structure. Systems, apparatus, compositions, and/or methods may include and/or use, in some embodiments, non-naturally occurring single-chain RNA capping enzymes. In some embodiments, an RNA capping enzyme may include an FCE variant having (a) an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to positions 1 to 878 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and/or (b) one or more substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 1 at a position selected from positions corresponding to positions 215, 337, 572, 648, and 833 (e.g., a position selected from positions corresponding to position 215, 337, and 572) of SEQ ID NO: 1.

The present invention provides an attenuated African Swine Fever (ASF) virus which lacks a functional version of the following genes: multigene-family 360 genes 9L, 10L, 11L, 12L, 13L and 14L; and multigene-family 505 genes 1R, 2R, 3R and 4R. The invention further provides an attenuated African Swine Fever (ASF) virus which lacks a functional version of the DP148R gene. The present invention also provides a vaccine comprising such an attenuated virus and its use to prevent ASF. Further, the invention relates to intranasal administration of an attenuated ASF virus.

The present disclosure relates to compositions, kits, and methods of making RNA vaccines having an appropriate cap structure. Systems, apparatus, compositions, and/or methods may include and/or use, in some embodiments, non-naturally occurring single-chain RNA capping enzymes. In some embodiments, an RNA capping enzyme may include an FCE variant having (a) an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to positions 1 to 878 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and/or (b) one or more substitutions relative to SEQ ID NO: 1 at a position selected from positions corresponding to positions 215, 337, 572, 648, and 833 (e.g., a position selected from positions corresponding to position 215, 337, and 572) of SEQ ID NO: 1.

The present invention relates to a polypeptide, a polynucleotide, a plasmid and a vaccine composition comprising the same, which are involved in eliciting immune responses to African Swine Fever. And also, it relates to a method of eliciting immune responses to African Swine Fever in a subject. In addition, it relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing African Swine Fever comprising a polypeptide, a polynucleotide or a plasmid, which is involved in eliciting immune responses to African Swine Fever. Also, it relates to a method of treating or preventing African Swine Fever in a subject.

The present application relates to a pathogen-like antigen (PLA) complex, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The PLA complex consists of structurally-modified Escherichia coli bacteriophage virus-like particles (VLPs) and antigens displayed thereon, and nucleic acids are encapsulated inside the VLPs.

The invention is directed to a recombinant nucleic acid molecule comprising an expression cassette encoding a polyepitope comprising T-cell antigens from proteins of African Swine Fever Virus. The invention further relates to a viral particle, comprising said recombinant nucleic acid molecule, and to a viral particle comprising B-cell antigens of African Swine Fever Virus. The invention further relates to methods of stimulating an immune response in a pig comprising administering the recombinant molecule of the invention, and/or the viral particle of the invention, to the pig in an amount effective to induce an immune response.

Provided is an African swine fever virus chimeric protein. The chimeric protein comprises: (1) an African swine fever virus p72 domain I; (2) an African swine fever virus p72 domain II; (3) an African swine fever virus p72 domain III; and (4) an African swine fever virus antigenic protein. By using African swine fever virus p72 protein as a skeleton, the chimeric protein provided in the present invention will exhibit antigenic epitopes of African swine fever virus antigenic proteins p54, p30, CD2v, and p12, achieve a good immune effect, and can produce significant humoral and cell-mediated immune response.