A method for diagnosing COVID-19 infection of a person. The method includes acquiring a sputum sample of the person, measuring a level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the sputum sample, and detecting a COVID-19 infection status of the person based on the measured level of ROS. Measuring the level of ROS in the sputum sample includes recording a cyclic voltammetry (CV) pattern from the sputum sample and measuring a current peak of the recorded CV pattern. Detecting the COVID-19 infection status of the person based on the measured level of ROS includes detecting the person is infected with COVID-19 if the measured current peak is in a first range of current peaks and detecting the person is not infected with COVID-19 if the measured current peak is in a second range of current peaks.

A sample container cap (or “cap”) is configured to be used with a sample container for collecting fluids. The cap has a body and a shutter connected to the body. The cap has a (1) first, open position in which at least one body opening and at least one shutter opening are not aligned and the cap is configured so that fluid cannot readily pass therethrough, (2) second, open position in which the at least one body opening and the at least one shutter opening are aligned and the cap is configured so that fluid can pass therethrough, and (3) third, closed and locked position, in which the at least one shutter opening and the at least one body opening are not aligned and fluid cannot readily pass through the cap, and the cap is configured to not be moved to an open position.

A sample collection device including a collection tube at least partially defining a storage volume therein, a mouthpiece coupled to the collection tube, the mouthpiece defining a channel providing access to the storage volume, and a filter at least partially positioned within the channel, where the filter is configured to filter a sample as it passes through the channel and into the storage volume.

Apparatus is provided including a tube and a plunger sized and shaped to be inserted into the tube. A distal end of the plunger is shaped to define one or more first passageways therethrough, and the plunger is shaped to define one or more compartments in fluid communication with the first passageways. A filter is coupled to the distal end of the plunger. The plunger is shaped to define a second passageway that passes through the plunger from a proximal end of the plunger to the distal end of the plunger, and is positioned to facilitate testing of the filter. The apparatus is configured such that while the plunger is advanced within the tube while fluid is within the tube, the fluid in the tube is pushed through the filter, through the first passageways, and into the one or more compartments. Other embodiments are also described.

A method is provided that includes intranasally dispensing nasal wash fluid into a nasal cavity of a subject such that the nasal wash fluid washes biological material into an oropharynx of the subject from (a) the nasal cavity, (b) a nasopharynx of the subject, or (c) the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. The method further includes, thereafter, collecting a specimen sample that passed out of an anterior opening of an oral cavity of the subject and contains at least a portion of the biological material washed into the oropharynx by the nasal wash fluid. Thereafter, information is derived from extracellular vesicles present in the specimen sample. Other embodiments are also described.

A rapid testing mechanism for respiratory viral pathogens includes a filter material positioned to capture exhaled breath particles from a respiratory tract. At least a portion of the filter material includes a pathogen binding adsorptive reagent, wherein the pathogen binding adsorptive reagent is a sulfated cellulose membrane. When the exhaled breath particles pass through the filter material, the following occur: when the binding adsorptive reagent reacts, a positive test for respiratory viral pathogens is indicated by the filter material; and when the pathogen binding adsorptive reagent does not react, a negative test for respiratory viral pathogens is individuated by the filter material.

Provided are methods for collecting saliva from the oral cavity of a mammal comprising: placing a mouthpiece of a device comprising the mouthpiece in the oral cavity of a mammal, the mouthpiece comprising a chamber defined by front and rear inner walls and a base inner wall of the mouthpiece, each of the front and rear inner walls of the chamber comprising a plurality of openings, and a switch disposed in the mouthpiece; and the device further comprising a saliva collection reservoir, a fluid supply reservoir, a pump, and means for directing fluid through said device; activating the switch disposed in the mouthpiece to pump saliva from the oral cavity to the saliva collection reservoir for collection; deactivating the pumping of saliva to the saliva collection reservoir; and subsequently pumping fluid from the fluid supply reservoir to the mouthpiece for cleaning or treatment of the oral cavity.

Systems and methods for providing a universal platform for at-home health testing and diagnostics are provided herein. In particular, a health testing and diagnostic platform is provided to connect medical providers with patients and to generate a unique, private testing environment. In some embodiments, the testing environment may facilitate administration of a medical test to a patient with the guidance of a proctor. In some embodiments, the patient may be provided with step-by-step instructions for test administration by the proctor within a testing environment. The platform may display unique, dynamic testing interfaces to the patient and proctor to ensure proper testing protocols and accurate test result verification.

An oral fluid collection device is provided that includes a borosilicate glass collection tube that can be capped post-collection for containing a human donor's expectorated oral fluid. The collection tube has a lyophilized reagent disposed therein that is essentially free of surfactants and solvents and includes a bacteriostatic, a peptidoglycan cleaving enzyme, an esterase inhibitor, an antioxidant, and a buffer at a pH range of about 5.7 to about 6.5 for stabilizing drugs and drug metabolites that may be present in the donor oral fluid. Interaction between the collected oral fluid and the buffer-preservative is provided by gravity drawing the collected oral fluid downward into contact with the lyophilized buffer-preservative. The lyophilized buffer-preservative brings the collected oral fluid to a pH for stabilization of the drugs and drug metabolites including Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major metabolite of THC, 11-nor-Δ.sup.9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid, (THCA), cocaine, and the major metabolite of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZE).

The disclosure describes an integrated fluid sample test strip comprising: an inlet for receiving solutions comprising a fluid sample and a substrate solution, the inlet comprising a retention valve for temporarily retaining each solution to thereby reduce air flow through the valve; a reaction chamber to receive the solutions via the retention valve, the chamber functionalized with bioreceptor(s); a capillary pump to receive from the reaction chamber the solution(s), the pump comprising vent hole(s); a test chamber to receive the substrate solution from the reaction chamber, the test chamber comprising test electrodes for a biosensing test of the substrate solution; a hydrophobic vent hole coupled to the test chamber to allow a flow of solution from the reaction chamber into the test chamber when the vent hole is unsealed and to allow a flow of solution from the reaction chamber to the capillary pump when the vent hole is sealed.