Systems, devices, and methods to measure interstitial concentration of selected compounds over time to provide early detection of shock are described. In an example method, interstitial fluid is obtained from a subject. Analytes are detected in the interstitial fluid. At least one of the analytes corresponds to hypoxia of a tissue of the subject and at least one other analyte corresponds to vascular permeability of the subject. The example method further includes determining whether the subject is in shock based on a computing model and the detected analytes and generating an alert based on whether the subject is in shock. Treatments can be administered following the alert generation.

Provided herein are devices and methods for topically and controllably delivering cargo or collecting samples into or from biological tissues, particularly the skin. These devices permit delivery of cargo and collection of samples from cell layers deep within a tissue. These devices include microstructure arrays comprising nanochannels. Also disclosed is a device comprising a one or more microstructure arrays encased in a frame.

A collection fitting, system, and method for sampling fluid from a tissue site is described. The collection fitting includes a switch fitting having a first passage and a second passage. The collection fitting also includes a bypass switch coupled to the switch fitting. The bypass switch is operable to fluidly couple the first passage and the second passage through the bypass switch. The bypass switch is also operable to fluidly couple the first passage and the second passage through a specimen container.

A blood glucose detection device includes a carrier body, a flow-guiding actuator, a microneedle patch, a sensor and a controlling chip. The carrier body has a liquid guiding channel, a compressing chamber and a liquid storage chamber. The flow-guiding actuator seals the compressing chamber. The microneedle patch is attached on the carrier body and has plural hollow microneedles. The sensor is disposed within the liquid storage chamber. The controlling chip is disposed on the carrier body. The plural hollow microneedles puncture the skin of a human subject with minimal invasion. The controlling chip controls the flow-guiding actuator to actuate and the tissue fluid is sucked into the liquid storage chamber through the plural hollow microneedles, whereby the sensor detects the blood glucose of the tissue fluid to generate and transmit the measured data to the controlling chip. The controlling chip can generate monitoring information by calculating the measured data.

A device for collection of interstitial fluid that can perform needle assembly actuation, skin piercing, needle assembly repositioning, and secondary skin piercing. Also described is a method for extraction of ISF that results in a significant volume of extracted ISF. The presently described device and method can be used for interstitial fluid extraction and collection in the medical diagnostics field.

The present invention generally relates to systems and methods for monitoring and/or providing feedback for drugs or other pharmaceuticals taken by a subject. In one aspect, the present invention is directed to devices and methods for determining a species within the skin of a subject; and producing feedback to a subject based on the determination of the species. The feedback may be, for example, visual, audible, tactile, a change in temperature, etc. In some cases, information regarding the determination of the species may be transmitted to another entity, e.g., a health care provider, a computer, a relative, etc., which may then provide feedback to the subject in some fashion. In some cases, the feedback may be directly indicative of the species. However, the feedback may also be indirect in some embodiments.

A microneedle and a chip are disclosed for extraction fluids. The microneedle is provided on a substrate and comprises an elongated body extending from a distal end with a bevel to a proximal end on the substrate along a longitudinal axis. The elongated body comprises a capillary bore extending in a longitudinal direction thereof and defines a fluid path. The proximal end is integrally connected with the substrate and the capillary bore is in fluid communication with a fluid channel of the substrate. The cross-sectional area of the capillary bore in the distal end is larger than the cross-sectional area of the capillary bore in the proximal end.

The invention relates to a skin microbe sampler comprising: a plurality of solid microneedles extending from a support surface, wherein the microneedles are dimensioned to penetrate the epidermis and/or dermis layer of the skin to obtain microbes residing in the skin. In particular, in one embodiment, the microneedles comprise a cone shape that is substantially devoid of patterning on the surface of said cone shape, in another embodiment, the surfaces of the microneedles comprise an adhesion coating on their surfaces for enhancing adhesion of the microbes on the microneedles. Also provided are a method of sampling microbes residing in a skin, a method of making the microbe sampler, and a mold for making the microbe sampler. In particular, in one embodiment, the method of making the microbe sampler comprises 3D printing the solid microneedles and/or molding the solid microneedles from a negative imprint of the solid microneedles.

A microneedle and a chip are disclosed for extraction of fluids. The microneedle (101) provided on a substrate (102), comprises an elongated body (503) extending from a distal end (504) with a bevel (505) to a proximal end (506) on the substrate along a longitudinal axis; the elongated body comprises a capillary bore (507) extending in a longitudinal direction thereof and defines a fluid path (508); the proximal end is integrally connected with the substrate and the capillary bore is in fluid communication with a fluid channel (309) of the substrate. The cross-sectional area of the capillary bore in the distal end is larger than the cross-sectional area of the capillary bore in the proximal end.

Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of a noninvasive and localized brain liquid biopsy using focused ultrasound. Briefly, therefore, the present disclosure is directed to methods and systems to identify brain lesion or tumor characteristics without the need for a solid brain biopsy.