A system includes an endoscope configured for insertion into an internal body cavity and a fluid management system. The fluid management system includes a pump configured to pump fluid through the endoscope into the internal body cavity and a controller configured to determine a pressure within the internal body cavity based upon a current feedback signal received from the pump. A method includes supplying a drive signal to a pump to pump fluid into an internal body cavity, receiving a current feedback signal from the pump, and determining a pressure within the internal body cavity based on the current feedback signal.

Systems and methods for removing a material from a lumen or duct include a guide wire to navigate to the material and a cutting assembly that can then be guided along the guide wire to reach the material. A proximal wire end can be connected to a pump device configured to provide an irrigation substance along a delivery channel of the guide wire and release the irrigation substance at a distal wire end. A power source can apply a current to the guide wire to magnetize a coupling assembly disposed on the guide wire. The cutting assembly can couple to the guide wire by engaging a locking mechanism of the cutting assembly with a coupling assembly of the guide wire. The locking mechanism can receive torque provided by a motor coupled to the proximal wire end of the guide wire to rotate the cutting tool of the cutting assembly to remove the material.

A surgical instrument includes an end effector configured to clamp tissue, a motor configured to actuate the end effector, and a controller in communication with the motor and configured to determine a stress and strain of the tissue, identify a tissue type of the tissue based on the determined stress and strain of the tissue, and set an operational parameter of the surgical instrument based on the identified tissue type of the tissue.

The volume of a hyperinflated lung compartment is reduced by sealing a distal end of the catheter in an airway feeding the lung compartment. Air passes out of the lung compartment through a passage in the catheter while the patient exhales. A one-way flow element associated with the catheter prevents air from re-entering the lung compartment as the patient inhales. Over time, the pressure of regions surrounding the lung compartment cause it to collapse as the volume of air diminishes. Residual volume reduction effectively results in functional lung volume expansion. Optionally, the lung compartment may be sealed in order to permanently prevent air from re-entering the lung compartment.

Various aspects of a generator, ultrasonic device, and method for estimating and controlling a state of an end effector of an ultrasonic device are disclosed. The ultrasonic device includes an electromechanical ultrasonic system defined by a predetermined resonant frequency, including an ultrasonic transducer coupled to an ultrasonic blade. A control circuit measures a complex impedance of an ultrasonic transducer, wherein the complex impedance as defined as

[00001]$Z_g\left(t\right)=\frac{V_g\left(t\right)}{I_g\left(t\right)};$

The control circuit receives a complex impedance measurement data point and compares the complex impedance measurement data point to a data point in a reference complex impedance characteristic pattern. The control circuit then classifies the complex impedance measurement data point based on a result of the comparison analysis and assigns a state or condition of the end effector based on the result of the comparison analysis. The control circuit estimates the state of the end effector of the ultrasonic device and controls the state of the end effector of the ultrasonic device based on the estimated state.

A surgical system includes a housing, an ultrasonic transducer supported by the housing, an end effector assembly distally-spaced from the housing, a clamp lever, and a sensor. The end effector assembly includes an ultrasonic blade operably coupled to the ultrasonic transducer for receiving ultrasonic energy produced by the ultrasonic transducer, and a jaw member pivotable relative to the blade from an open position towards a clamping position for clamping tissue between the jaw member and the blade and imparting a clamping force to the clamped tissue. The clamp lever is operably coupled to the housing and the jaw member such that actuation of the clamp lever relative to the housing pivots the jaw member towards the blade. The sensor is configured to sense whether the clamp lever is sufficiently actuated so as to impart the clamping force to the clamped tissue.

The present disclosure provides a system for delivery of therapeutic energy. The system includes an energy unit configured to convert the acoustic energy signals transmitted to therapeutic ultrasound directed to fragment tumors and carcinogenic tissue in the body. The system also includes an energy unit configured to convert the acoustic energy signal transmitted from the energy unit to ultrasonic energy to image and monitor the treatment site with ultrasound. The system also includes a control unit including a computer for data storage and display.

A surgical drill for use with a drill bit. The drill includes a handpiece with a motor and a brake mechanism. The brake mechanism is a sliding rack adjacent a first end and a second end with a stop adjacent the drill bit. An actuator is mounted to the handpiece and a plunger is coupled to the actuator. A sensor asserts a signal when the drill bit penetrates bone. When the sensor asserts the signal indicting the drill bit penetrated bone, the actuator moves the plunger into engagement with the rack to prevent further insertion of the drill bit.

A medical puncture device system includes a puncture device, a sensor, and an indicator system. The puncture device is configured to create a puncture through patient tissue and into an internal patient cavity to enable a medical tool to be inserted through the puncture into the cavity. The sensor is configured to generate a signal indicative of motion of the puncture device through the tissue into the cavity. The indicator system is operable by a controller to produce human-perceptible feedback in response to the signal generated by the sensor.

A retractor apparatus for a surgical robotic system includes a frame defining a central open region, a connecting member that connects the frame to a robotic arm, a plurality of coupling mechanisms for attaching a set of retractor blades within the central open region of the frame such that blades define a working channel interior of the blades, and a plurality of actuators extending between the frame and each of the coupling mechanisms and configured to move the blades with respect to the frame to vary a dimension of the working channel. Further embodiments include a surgical robotic system that includes a robotic arm and a retractor apparatus attached to the robotic arm, and methods for performing a robot-assisted surgical procedure using a retractor apparatus attached to a robotic arm.