The disclosure relates to a polypeptide comprising, or consisting of, the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 9 or a sequence having at least 97%-100% sequence identity to one of SEQ ID NO: 1, SEQ ID NO: 5, SEQ ID NO: 6, SEQ ID NO: 9 for use as an immunogen for the purpose of eliciting an immune response in a subject susceptible to infection with a coronavirus. The disclosed polypeptide is further useful in reducing the severity of symptoms associated with a coronavirus infection. In addition to use in a protein-based vaccine, the polypeptide of the disclosure can be encoded by a nucleic acid/ribonucleic acid and used in a nucleic acid vaccine or viral vector vaccine.

Provided herein are methods for generating a non-naturally occurring, broadly reactive, pan-epitopic antigen derived from a pathogen, such as a virus, bacterium, and the like, that is immunogenic and is capable of eliciting a broadly reactive immune response, such as a broadly reactive neutralizing antibody response, against the pathogen following introduction into a subject. Also provided is a non-naturally occurring immunogen generated using the methods, and vaccines and compositions comprising the immunogen. Methods of generating an immune response in a subject by administering the immunogen, vaccine, or composition are provided. In particular, the immunogen comprises the hemagglutinin (HA) or neuraminidase (NA) protein of influenza virus strains.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a modified mRNA that is stabilised by sequence modifications and optimised for translation. The pharmaceutical composition according to the invention is particularly well suited for use as an inoculating agent, as well as a therapeutic agent for tissue regeneration. In addition, a process is described for determining sequence modifications that promote stabilisation and translational efficiency of modified mRNA of the invention.

Disclosed are antibodies that bind to the stem region of influenza hemagglutinin in the neutral pH conformation, hemagglutinin epitopes in the stem region, and methods of making and using both.

Disclosed are compositions and methods related to replication deficient Sindbis viruses that are able to function as controls for nucleic acid diagnostic assays (e.g., nucleic acid sequencing based assays and/or nucleic acid amplification based assays).

A process for labelling a target protein, such as a target enzyme, such as a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). The process comprises providing a probe-protein complex comprising a probe and the target protein. The probe comprises a recognition element and a warhead. The target protein comprises a cysteine residue and a recognition site. The recognition element is reversibly bound to the recognition site. A stimulus is applied to induce a radical reaction in the probe-protein complex to covalently bond the warhead to the cysteine residue, thereby labelling the target protein. This invention also resides in probes and probe-protein complexes for use in the process.

The present invention relates to the use of immunogenic peptides comprising a T-cell epitope derived from an intracellular pathogen-associated antigen and a redox motif such as C-(X)2-[CST] or [CST]-(X)2-C in the prevention and/or treatment of infection with an intracellular pathogen and in the manufacture of medicaments therefore.

Improved anti-HPV immunogens and nucleic acid molecules that encode them are disclosed. Immunogens disclosed include those having consensus HPV39 E6E7 and HPV45 E6E7. Pharmaceutical composition, recombinant vaccines comprising DNA plasmid and live attenuated vaccines are disclosed as well methods of inducing an immune response in an individual against HPV are disclosed.

The present invention provides, among other things, a novel and improved method for generating “mosaic” influenza antigenic polypeptides including hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) polypeptides based on unique combination of epitope patterns that maximize exposure to epitopes present across multiple HA or NA sequences and therefore improved influenza strain coverage. In particular, the present invention provides engineered influenza B hemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides that are comprised of novel combinations of protective epitopes and antigenic regions from multiple influenza B viral strains. Such engineered HA polypeptides have improved properties over HA polypeptides developed through conventional approaches that rely on consensus alignments of viral sequences.

Improved anti-HPV immunogens and nucleic acid molecules that encode them are disclosed. Immunogens disclosed include those having consensus HPV39 E6E7 and HPV45 E6E7. Pharmaceutical composition, recombinant vaccines comprising DNA plasmid and live attenuated vaccines are disclosed as well methods of inducing an immune response in an individual against HPV are disclosed.