An isolated expression enhancer active in a plant, portion of a plant or plant cell, the expression enhancer is provided. The isolated expression enhancer may be selected from the group consisting of nbMT78 (SEQ ID NO:1); nbATL75 (SEQ ID NO:2); nbDJ46 (SEQ ID NO:3); nbCHP79 (SEQ ID NO:4); nbEN42 (SEQ ID NO:5); atHSP69 (SEQ ID NO:6); atGRP62 (SEQ ID NO:7); atPK65 (SEQ ID NO:8); atRP46 (SEQ ID NO:9); nb30S72 (SEQ ID NO:10); nbGT61 (SEQ ID NO:11); nbPV55 (SEQ ID NO:12); nbPPI43 (SEQ ID NO:13); nbPM64 (SEQ ID NO:14); and nbH2A86 (SEQ ID NO:15). Methods for using the isolated expression enhancer are also provided.

The present disclosure is directed to methods for determining the presence and/or amount of norovirus-reactive antibodies in a sample from a subject. The subject may be vaccinated with a norovirus vaccine or infected with a norovirus. The present disclosure further relates to in vitro methods for diagnosing a norovirus infection and determining protection against a norovirus infection in a subject for instance after vaccination with a norovirus vaccine. The present disclosure is further directed to kits for determining norovirus-reactive antibodies in a sample. The present disclosure is further directed to microsphere complexes comprising microspheres coupled to norovirus virus like particles.

The present disclosure relates to compositions, methods, mixtures, and kits for detecting the presence of, and for removing, a virus from a product produced in an insect cell. The disclosure also relates to proteins, peptides, polypeptides, drug substances, biological products, vaccine antigens, and virus-like particles that are produced in an insect cell and that are free or substantially free of a virus. The disclosure also relates to compositions, methods, assays, and kits for detecting a rhabdovirus in a sample.

Methods of purifying virus-like particles (VLPs) that are substantially free of process contaminants and infectious agents. The methods incorporate, for example, low-pH treatment during harvest and/or inactivation by a solvent and/or detergent during VLP capture.

The present invention aims to provide a VLP that can have multivalent antigenicity and has two capsid proteins present in equal proportions. A virus-like particle, including an assembly of dimers of a first capsid protein and a second capsid protein, wherein the first capsid protein and the second capsid protein are connected to each other by a linker.

The present disclosure relates to compositions, methods, mixtures, and kits for detecting the presence of, and for removing, a virus from a product produced in an insect cell. The disclosure also relates to proteins, peptides, polypeptides, drug substances, biological products, vaccine antigens, and virus-like particles that are produced in an insect cell and that are free or substantially free of a virus. The disclosure also relates to compositions, methods, assays, and kits for detecting a rhabdovirus in a sample.

Disclosed herein are vaccine compositions, in particular, polyvalent icosahedral compositions for antigen presentation. The disclosed compositions may contain an S particle made up of recombinant fusion proteins. The recombinant fusion proteins may include a norovirus (NoV) S domain protein, a linker protein domain operatively connected to the norovirus S domain protein, and an antigen protein domain operatively connected to said linker.