The purpose of the present invention is to provide a strain that is useful as a novel betacoronavirus vaccine. It is revealed that novel betacoronavirus, according to the present invention, having a prescribed substitution mutation relating to temperature sensitivity in combination with a prescribed deletion mutation relating to attenuation, is useful as a betacoronavirus vaccine strain having excellent attenuated characteristics.

The present invention relates to novel infectious bronchitis virus strains and the uses thereof. The invention particularly relates to an inactivated or attenuated IBV, as well as to vaccine compositions comprising the same and the uses thereof to vaccinate avians. The invention also relates to nucleic acids, infected cells and methods for detecting the infectious bronchitis virus strains of the invention in any sample.

The present invention relates to novel infectious bronchitis virus strains and the uses thereof. The invention particularly relates to an inactivated or attenuated IBV, as well as to vaccine compositions comprising the same and the uses thereof to vaccinate avians. The invention also relates to nucleic acids, infected cells and methods for detecting the infectious bronchitis virus strains of the invention in any sample.

This invention provides an attenuated virus which comprises a modified viral genome containing nucleotide substitutions engineered in multiple locations in the genome, wherein the substitutions introduce synonymous deoptimized codons into the genome. The instant attenuated virus may be used in a vaccine composition for inducing a protective immune response in a subject. The invention also provides a method of synthesizing the instant attenuated virus. Further, this invention further provides a method for preventing a subject from becoming afflicted with a virus-associated disease comprising administering to the subject a prophylactically effective dose of a vaccine composition comprising the instant attenuated virus.

A system and method for passively delivering inactivated pathogens to a population of animals or birds. The method comprises: isolating a pathogen from an infected animal/bird; culturing the isolated pathogen; inactivating the isolated pathogen with UVC; infusing an object with the inactivated pathogen; and introducing the inactivated pathogen infused object into an area containing one or more animals/birds.

In alternative embodiments, provided are methods for treating, ameliorating, decreasing the chances of having any adverse effects from, decreasing the severity of adverse effects from, or preventing an infection, or boosting or enhancing natural immunity acquired by an infected individual, by administration of: an inactivated infectious causative agent of the infection, or an antibiotic and/or an anti-viral drugs and a vaccine directed to a causative agent of the infection and/or an attenuated and/or a live, viable or infectious causative agent of the infection. In alternative embodiments, the infection is bacterial or viral. In alternative embodiments, the viral infection is a coronavirus infection such a Covid-19 infection. In alternative embodiments, methods as provide herein prevent or decrease the prevalence or severity of vaccine breakthrough infections after vaccination, where external mutants of COVID-19 infect patients in spite of the fact that they have undergone immunization, for example, to prevent a mutant or variant COVID-19 infection. In alternative embodiments, an antiviral combination administered in coordination with a vaccine comprises PF-07321332 or PAXLOVID and/or ritonavir, or ivermectin, doxycycline and a zinc or a zinc salt. In alternative embodiments, methods as provided herein are used to prevent in vivo mutations of such mutant infectious agent to enhance the efficacy of an administered vaccination; in other words, methods as provided herein are used to prevent in vivo replication of an acquired viral mutant or variant infectious agent, and thus also prevents ongoing mutations of the viral infectious agent because using the combination antiviral co-therapy where there is no replication of infectious agent and so there is no possible further mutation of the infectious agent.

A system and method for passively delivering inactivated pathogens to a population of animals or birds. The method comprises: isolating a pathogen from an infected animal/bird; culturing the isolated pathogen; inactivating the isolated pathogen with UVC; infusing an object with the inactivated pathogen; and introducing the inactivated pathogen infused object into an area containing one or more animals/birds.