Provided herein are probiotic vaccines comprising, a recombinant filamentous phage genome comprising a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide comprising an exogenous peptide epitope, or fragments or variants thereof, selected from the group consisting of: LPESFDGDPASNTAPLQPEQLQVF SEQ ID NO:1; HER2. In particular embodiments of the invention vaccine, the exogenous peptide epitope is functionally expressed on a coat protein selected from the group consisting of: pill, pVI, pVII, pVIII and pIX. Also provided herein are methods of preventing or treating cancer, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof, one or more of the probiotic vaccines provided herein: or one or more of the recombinant phages provided herein

The invention provides hybrid and recombinant phagemid vectors for expressing a transgene in a target cell transduced with the vector. A recombinant phagemid particle comprises at least one transgene expression cassette which encodes an agent which exerts a biological effect on the target cell, characterised in that the phagemid particle comprises a genome which lacks at least 50% of its bacteriophage genome. The invention extends to the use of such phagemid expression systems as a research tool, and for the delivery of transgenes in a variety of gene therapy applications, DNA and/or peptide vaccine delivery and imaging techniques. The invention extends to in vitro, in vivo or in situ methods for producing viral vectors, such as recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAV) or lentivirus vectors (rLV), and to genetic constructs used in such methods.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods that can be used to treat subjects with Wilson's disease. The compositions can comprise nucleic acid constructs comprising a liver-specific promoter and a nucleic acid sequence encoding the ATP73 polypeptide, a variant of the ATP73 polypeptide or a polypeptide having at least 90% identity. The compositions can be formulated for hydrodynamic gene delivery into the liver using DNA vectors.

The present invention provides method of killing first cells (for example pathogenic cells) which are slow-growing under stress conditions (for example, stationary phase cells, stressed cells, persister cells, biofilm cells and dormant cells) by providing a vector encoding a toxic agent or component thereof under the control of a stress-phase active (SPA) promoter. The invention also provides methods of expressing proteins of interest (POIs) in such slow-growing cells under stress conditions, which POIs may be therapeutic molecules and reporter genes for example, by providing a vector encoding a POI under the control of a SPA promoter. There are provided methods of treatment using such vectors.

A phage and its use in compensating soil nitrogen fixation: Klebsiella pneumoniae phage YSZKA, wherein the method has solved some problems of conventional azotobacters, such as high cost, interspecific competition and limited range of application. Through phage transplantation, the efficiency of microbial nitrogen fixation in soil can be improved, and thus, more nitrogen sources may be provided for the nitrogen cycle and plant growth in ecosystems. Also, a new solution is provided for the nitrogen sequestration process of soil in saline-alkali lands, tea plantations and pesticide-polluted sites in China.