The present invention relates to glucoamylase variants having improved thermostability. The present invention also relates to polynucleotides encoding the variants; nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the polynucleotides; and methods of using the variants.

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation utilizes a separation membrane under conditions at a pH of not more than 3.5, wherein yeast having vanillin resistance is used to enable efficient production of a chemical product without leaving a large amount of fermentation feedstock unused, is provided.

A method of producing a chemical product by continuous fermentation utilizes a separation membrane under conditions at a pH of not more than 3.5, wherein yeast having vanillin resistance is used to enable efficient production of a chemical product without leaving a large amount of fermentation feedstock unused, is provided.

Process for the production of an organic acid from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process is integrated with a pulp mill and comprises: a) pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock with an alkaline liquor from the pulp, thereby obtaining a pretreated cellulosic feed and a black liquor; b) subjecting the pretreated cellulosic feed from step a) to enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby obtaining a saccharide feed; c) subjecting the saccharide feed from step b) to microbial fermentation using calcium oxide from the pulp mill as a neutralising agent, thereby obtaining an organic acid calcium salt; d) treating the organic acid calcium salt with sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining the organic acid; e) optionally isolating lignin from the black liquor obtained in step a), thereby obtaining lignin and weak black liquor; and f) returning the black liquor from step a) and/or the weak black liquor from step e) to the pulp mill chemical recovery process.

Process for the production of an organic acid from a lignocellulosic feedstock. The process is integrated with a pulp mill and comprises: a) pre-treating a lignocellulosic feedstock with an alkaline liquor from the pulp, thereby obtaining a pretreated cellulosic feed and a black liquor; b) subjecting the pretreated cellulosic feed from step a) to enzymatic hydrolysis, thereby obtaining a saccharide feed; c) subjecting the saccharide feed from step b) to microbial fermentation using calcium oxide from the pulp mill as a neutralising agent, thereby obtaining an organic acid calcium salt; d) treating the organic acid calcium salt with sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining the organic acid; e) optionally isolating lignin from the black liquor obtained in step a), thereby obtaining lignin and weak black liquor; and f) returning the black liquor from step a) and/or the weak black liquor from step e) to the pulp mill chemical recovery process.

Provided herein are compositions and method for producing -polyglutamic acid (PGA). In particular, provided herein are bacterial co-culture systems and methods for producing PGA.

Provided herein are compositions and method for producing -polyglutamic acid (PGA). In particular, provided herein are bacterial co-culture systems and methods for producing PGA.

Magnesium chloride solutions including providing aqueous magnesium chloride solution with magnesium chloride concentration of 10-30 wt. % to concentration step where water is evaporated, resulting in concentrated magnesium chloride solution with magnesium chloride concentration of 30-50 wt. %, wherein concentration step is carried out in one or more stages, wherein at least one of the stages is conducted at elevated pressure, withdrawing concentrated magnesium chloride solution from concentration step, and providing it to thermohydrolysis reactor of at least 300 C., withdrawing MgO from thermohydrolysis reactor in solid form, and withdrawing a HCl containing gas stream of at least 300 C. from thermohydrolysis reactor, providing the HCl-containing gas stream of at least 300 C. to cooling step, where HCl-containing gas stream is contacted with cooling liquid, withdrawing HCl-containing gas stream below 150 C. from cooling step, circulating cooling liquid through heat exchanger where energy is transferred to heating liquid which circulates from heat exchanger to concentration step.

Magnesium chloride solutions including providing aqueous magnesium chloride solution with magnesium chloride concentration of 10-30 wt. % to concentration step where water is evaporated, resulting in concentrated magnesium chloride solution with magnesium chloride concentration of 30-50 wt. %, wherein concentration step is carried out in one or more stages, wherein at least one of the stages is conducted at elevated pressure, withdrawing concentrated magnesium chloride solution from concentration step, and providing it to thermohydrolysis reactor of at least 300 C., withdrawing MgO from thermohydrolysis reactor in solid form, and withdrawing a HCl containing gas stream of at least 300 C. from thermohydrolysis reactor, providing the HCl-containing gas stream of at least 300 C. to cooling step, where HCl-containing gas stream is contacted with cooling liquid, withdrawing HCl-containing gas stream below 150 C. from cooling step, circulating cooling liquid through heat exchanger where energy is transferred to heating liquid which circulates from heat exchanger to concentration step.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of biotechnology renewable energy, and more specifically, to a method for producing citric acid by degrading roughage with natural symbiotic mixed culture. The mixed culture YakQH5 is composed of anaerobic fungi (Neocallimastix frontalis) and methanogens (Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii). It was collected in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on Mar. 9, 2020, with the collection number of CGMCC No. 19299. The mixed culture YakQH5 can degrade 15 kinds of roughage respectively and produce a large amount of citric acid. Especially when alfalfa is used as substrate, the yield of citric acid is as high as 46.0 mm. Adding compound antibiotics in the fermentation process can also prevent the mixed culture from being polluted by bacteria in the fermentation process and further improve the efficiency of anaerobic fermentation. The mixed culture YakQH5 has important industrial application value.