Provided is a titanium cast product made of commercially pure titanium, the titanium cast product being produced by electron-beam remelting or plasma arc melting, comprising: a melted and resolidified layer in a range of 1 mm or more in depth at a surface serving as a surface to be rolled, the melted and resolidified layer being obtained by adding one or more kinds of stabilizer elements to the surface and melting and resolidifying the surface. An average value of stabilizer element(s) concentration in a range of within 1 mm in depth is higher than stabilizer element(s) concentration in a base material by, in mass %, equal to or more than 0.08 mass % and equal to or less than 1.50 mass %. As the material containing the stabilizer element, powder, a chip, wire, or foil is used. As means for melting a surface layer, electron-beam heating and plasma arc heating are used.

An electron beam (EB) gun assembly for an EB furnace is provided. The EB gun assembly includes an EB gun-frame assembly including a skeleton frame and at least one EB gun mounted to the skeleton frame, and the EB gun-frame assembly is configured to rigidly mount onto a first EB chamber lid and melt material in a first EB chamber and be removed and rigidly mount onto a second EB chamber lid and melt material in a second EB chamber. In some forms, the EB gun assembly includes at least one mounting frame and the at least one EB gun is mounted to the at least one mounting frame and the at least one mounting frame is mounted to the skeleton frame.

Provided is a high-purity titanium ingot having a purity, excluding an additive element and gas components, of 99.99 mass % or more, wherein at least one nonmetallic element selected from S, P, and B is contained in a total amount of 0.1 to 100 mass ppm as the additive component and the variation in the content of the nonmetallic element between the top, middle, and bottom portions of the ingot is within 200%. Provided is a method of manufacturing a titanium ingot containing a nonmetallic element in an amount of 0.1 to 100 mass ppm, wherein S, P, or B, which is a nonmetallic element, is added to molten titanium as an intermetallic compound or a master alloy to produce a high-purity titanium ingot having a purity, excluding an additive element and gas components, of 99.99 mass % or more. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-purity titanium having decreased intra- and inter-ingot variations in the content of the nonmetallic element, a uniform structure, and improved strength by containing at least one nonmetallic element selected from S, P, and B.

Processes for the production of tantalum alloys and niobium are disclosed. The processes use aluminothermic reactions to reduce tantalum pentoxide to tantalum metal or niobium pentoxide to niobium metal.

In various embodiments, a metal alloy resistant to aqueous corrosion consists essentially of or consists of niobium with additions of tungsten, molybdenum, and one or both of ruthenium and palladium.

The present invention relates to new compositions of matter, particularly metals and alloys, and methods of making such compositions. The new compositions of matter exhibit long-range ordering and unique electronic character.

A method of purifying erbium is provided to produce a high-purity erbium having a purity of 5N or higher excluding rare earth elements and gas components, and containing Al, Fe, Cu, and Ta each in an amount of 1 wtppm or less, W in an amount of 10 wtppm or less, carbon in an amount of 150 wtppm or less, alkali metals and alkali earth metals each in an amount of 1 wtppm or less, other transition metal elements in a total amount of 10 wtppm or less, and U and Th as radioactive elements each in an amount of 10 wtppb or less. Erbium has a high vapor pressure and is difficult to refine in a molten state. The method provides technology for efficiently and stably providing high-purity erbium, a sputtering target made of high-purity erbium, and a metal gate film having high-purity erbium as a main component thereof.

Excessive evaporation of powder is prevented. A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam; a primary main deflector that deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally; at least one lens that is provided between the electron gun and the primary main deflector and focuses the electron beam; a sub-deflector that is provided between the electron gun and the primary main deflector, deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally, and has a deflection area smaller than the deflection area of the primary main deflector and the scanning speed higher than a scanning speed of the primary main deflector; and a controller that controls deflection directions and the scanning speeds of the primary main deflector and the sub-deflector. The primary main deflector moves the deflection area of the sub-deflector, and the sub-deflector performs multiple scanning and irradiation of small regions, in which scanning and irradiation the small regions are each included in the deflection area and scanned and irradiated with the electron beam for a predetermined number of times.

A body comprising at least two components having one or more different properties and a method of producing the same are disclosed. One of the body components is in the form of particles with optional adhesive interlayers. A second of the components has a surface locally melted in a predetermined pattern and only to a predetermined depth by scanning an electron beam there across to incorporate the particles and form a metal composite film. Thereby, a predetermined volumetric concentration of the incorporated particles varies continuously from the locally melted surface so as to provide two surfaces in the body having different coefficients of thermal expansion.

The present invention relates to a method for the generative production of components, particularly of single-crystalline or directionally-solidified components, particularly for the production of components for turbomachines, in which the component is constructed in layers on a substrate or a previously produced part of the component (3), wherein a construction in layers takes place by melting of powder material in layers with a high-energy beam (14) and solidification of the powder melt (16) takes place, wherein the high-energy beam has a beam cross section (19) in the area of its impingement on the powder material that is altered in comparison to a circular or other symmetrical cross section and/or the beam energy is distributed non-uniformly, in particular asymmetrically or eccentrically, over the beam section.