A nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to an aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, the chemical composition and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains are further limited depending on the plate thickness, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa.

A nickel-containing steel for low temperature according to an aspect of the present invention has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 15.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 1.0 to 2.4, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 30 mm, the chemical composition and the average grain size of the prior austenite grains are further limited depending on the plate thickness, a yield stress at room temperature is 460 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 560 MPa to 810 MPa.

A Ni steel has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 12.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 2.6 to 10.0, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 20 mm, a yield stress at room temperature is 590 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 690 MPa to 810 MPa, when the plate thickness is more than 16 mm, the Ni steel contains Ni: 11.5% or more, and when the plate thickness is 16 mm or less and the Ni steel contains Ni: less than 11.5%, the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 6.0 μm or less.

A Ni steel has a chemical composition within a predetermined range, in which a metallographic structure of a thickness middle portion contains 2.0 vol % to 20.0 vol % of an austenite phase, an average grain size of prior austenite grains is 3.0 μm to 12.0 μm, an average aspect ratio of the prior austenite grains is 2.6 to 10.0, a plate thickness is 4.5 mm to 20 mm, a yield stress at room temperature is 590 MPa to 710 MPa, and a tensile strength at the room temperature is 690 MPa to 810 MPa, when the plate thickness is more than 16 mm, the Ni steel contains Ni: 11.5% or more, and when the plate thickness is 16 mm or less and the Ni steel contains Ni: less than 11.5%, the average grain size of the prior austenite grains is 6.0 μm or less.

The present disclosure relates to a steel for pressure vessels used in a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, and relates to a steel material for pressure vessels having excellent resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and a manufacturing method thereof.

The present disclosure relates to a steel for pressure vessels used in a hydrogen sulfide atmosphere, and relates to a steel material for pressure vessels having excellent resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and a manufacturing method thereof.

A preferable aspect of the present invention provides a high-strength high-toughness hot-rolled steel sheet and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the hot-rolled steel sheet contains, by weight, 0.07-0.13% C, 0.20-0.50% Si, 0.5-0.9% Mn, 0.03% or less P, 0.02% or less S, 0.005-0.03% Nb, 0.3-0.6% Cr, 0.005-0.03% Ti, 0.1-0.35% Cu, 0.05-0.3% Ni, 0.01-0.15% Mo, 0.007% or less N, 0.001-0.006% Ca, 0.01-0.05% Al, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurities, the alloy elements satisfying the following relational formulas [Relational formula 1] 1.6≤(Mo/96)/(P/31)≤6, [Relational formula 2] 1.6≤(Ca/S)≤3, and [Relational formula 3] 3.5≤(3*C/12+Mn/55)*100≤5; wherein a microstructure comprises, by area fraction, 85% or more of polygonal ferrite and 15% or less of pearlite, the crystal grain size of the polygonal ferrite being 10 μm or less; and wherein a variation in yield strength in a width direction is 35 MPa or lower.

A preferable aspect of the present invention provides a high-strength high-toughness hot-rolled steel sheet and a manufacturing method therefor, wherein the hot-rolled steel sheet contains, by weight, 0.07-0.13% C, 0.20-0.50% Si, 0.5-0.9% Mn, 0.03% or less P, 0.02% or less S, 0.005-0.03% Nb, 0.3-0.6% Cr, 0.005-0.03% Ti, 0.1-0.35% Cu, 0.05-0.3% Ni, 0.01-0.15% Mo, 0.007% or less N, 0.001-0.006% Ca, 0.01-0.05% Al, and the balance Fe and other unavoidable impurities, the alloy elements satisfying the following relational formulas [Relational formula 1] 1.6≤(Mo/96)/(P/31)≤6, [Relational formula 2] 1.6≤(Ca/S)≤3, and [Relational formula 3] 3.5≤(3*C/12+Mn/55)*100≤5; wherein a microstructure comprises, by area fraction, 85% or more of polygonal ferrite and 15% or less of pearlite, the crystal grain size of the polygonal ferrite being 10 μm or less; and wherein a variation in yield strength in a width direction is 35 MPa or lower.

Disclosed is a stainless steel having excellent surface electrical conductivity for a fuel cell separator. According to an embodiment of the disclosed stainless steel having excellent surface electrical conductivity for a fuel cell separator, a value of the following surface oxide atomic ratio (1) may be 0.5 or less, as measured on the surface of a stainless steel containing 15 wt % or more of Cr by X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy using an Al-Kα X-ray source under the condition where a take-off angle of photoelectrons is from 12° to 85°.

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{sum}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{concentrations}\left(\mathrm{at}\%\right)\\ \mathrm{of}\mathrm{metal}\mathrm{elements}\mathrm{in}\mathrm{metal}\mathrm{oxide}\left(\mathrm{MO}\right)\end{array}}{\begin{array}{c}\mathrm{sum}\mathrm{of}\mathrm{atomic}\mathrm{concentrations}\left(\mathrm{at}\%\right)\\ \mathrm{of}\mathrm{metal}\mathrm{elements}\mathrm{in}\mathrm{total}\mathrm{oxides}\mathrm{and}\mathrm{hydroxides}\end{array}}& \left(1\right)\end{array}$

The metal oxide (MO) includes a mixed oxide: M represents an alloying element other than Cr and Fe or a combination thereof in the matrix; and O represents oxygen. The total oxides and hydroxides include a Cr oxide, a Cr hydroxide, an Fe oxide, an Fe hydroxide, and the metal oxide (MO).

A hot-rolled steel sheet has, as a chemical composition, by mass %: C: 0.01% to 0.30%; Si: 0.01% to 3.00%; Mn: 0.20% to 3.00%; P: 0.030% or less; S: 0.030% or less; Al: 0.001% to 2.000%; N: 0.0100% or less; and Ni: 0.02% to 0.50%, in which among measurement points at which elemental analysis is performed at a measurement pitch of 1 μm using an EPMA in a region of 250 μm×250 μm on a surface, the percentage of measurement points having a Ni content of 0.5 mass % or more is 10% to 70%.