Wellbore drill bits can be used for excavation through subterranean formations for extracting hydrocarbons from a reservoir. Wellbore drill bits can experience excessive force during extraction processes. Drill bits can be assembled with resilience. Thus, treating a subsurface of a metallic blank material by adding one or more elements to the subsurface of the metallic blank material inhibits chemical interactions between a metal binding mixture and one or more construing alloying agents of the metallic blank material. The metallic blank material and a reinforcing agent can be positioned in the drill bit mold to begin an infiltration process where the metal binding mixture fills gaps between the metallic blank material and the reinforcing agent to generate a metal-matrix composite.

The disclosure provides for anti-scale deposition coatings for use on surface, such as on oilfield parts. The coating includes a first, sublayer of a metal, ceramic, or metal-ceramic composite, which is characterized in having a hardness in excess of 35 HRC. The coating includes a second, top layer over the first layer, that is a polymer. A surface of the first layer may be conditioned to have a roughened or patterned topology for receipt of and adherence with the at least one top layer. The first layer may provide the coating with hardness, and the at least one top layer may provide the coating with low-friction and anti-scale properties.

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

Endodontic instruments for use in performing root canal therapy on a tooth are disclosed. In one form, the instruments include an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank comprises a titanium alloy, and the shank is prepared by heat-treating the shank at a temperature above 25° C. in an atmosphere consisting essentially of a gas unreactive with the shank. In another form, the endodontic instruments have an elongate shank having a cutting edge extending from a distal end of the shank along an axial length of the shank. The shank consists essentially of a titanium alloy selected from alpha-titanium alloys, beta-titanium alloys, and alpha-beta-titanium alloys. The instruments solve the problems encountered when cleaning and enlarging a curved root canal.

The invention relates to a method for increasing the wear resistance of a metal screen cloth made of wire, the method comprising treating a surface of a metal screen cloth by means of a thermochemical surface layer method for increasing the surface hardness and the wear resistance of metals, wherein the thermochemical surface layer method changes the structural conditions of the treated metal to a predetermined depth of penetration, wherein a hard surface layer is formed in the metal surface. A corresponding device and a screen cloth and a screen panel with increased wear resistance are also part of the invention.

A workpiece made from a self-passivating metal and having one or more surface regions defining a Beilby layer as a result of a previous metal shaping operation is activated for subsequent low temperature gas hardening by exposing the workpiece to the vapors produced by heating a non-polymeric N/C/H compound.

A method relates to the manufacture of a drum for a spring brake for an electromechanical actuator, the drum including a housing configured to house at least one helical spring, an input member and an output member. The housing has an internal friction surface configured to cooperate with at least one coil of the helical spring. The method includes at least one step of mechanical surface treatment of the inner surface of the housing of the drum, the mechanical surface treatment of the inner surface of the housing of the drum being a step of creating grooves on the inner surface of the housing.

The present invention concerns a method for obtaining a finished or semi-finished zirconia-based article (1), the article having a metallic external appearance and non-zero surface electrical conductivity, characterized in that the method includes the steps consisting in: taking at least one zirconia article, pre-shaped in its finished or semi-finished form; placing said article inside a chamber (10) in which a gaseous mixture is arranged, this gaseous mixture including at least a first hydrogen and carbon based gas compound in a first concentration (C1) and a second hydrogen and nitrogen based gas compound in a second concentration (C2); heating the gaseous mixture until the molecules of the first and second compounds dissociate and keeping said article in the reactive atmosphere thereby created to obtain diffusion of the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the external surface (2) of said article and to form stoichiometric carbonitride (ZrC.sub.x—N.sub.y) at the surface, and prior to the step of heating the process gases contained in the chamber, a reduction step consisting in placing said article inside a chamber into which dihydrogen is injected and in heating the dihydrogen allowing diffusion towards the surface and release of the oxygen contained in said zirconia article.

The present invention concerns a method for obtaining a finished or semi-finished zirconia-based article (1), the article having a metallic external appearance and non-zero surface electrical conductivity, characterized in that the method includes the steps consisting in: taking at least one zirconia article, pre-shaped in its finished or semi-finished form; placing said article inside a chamber (10) in which a gaseous mixture is arranged, this gaseous mixture including at least a first hydrogen and carbon based gas compound in a first concentration (C1) and a second hydrogen and nitrogen based gas compound in a second concentration (C2); heating the gaseous mixture until the molecules of the first and second compounds dissociate and keeping said article in the reactive atmosphere thereby created to obtain diffusion of the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the external surface (2) of said article and to form stoichiometric carbonitride (ZrC.sub.x—N.sub.y) at the surface, and prior to the step of heating the process gases contained in the chamber, a reduction step consisting in placing said article inside a chamber into which dihydrogen is injected and in heating the dihydrogen allowing diffusion towards the surface and release of the oxygen contained in said zirconia article.

A valve is provided, in particular an injection valve, having a valve seat and a valve needle which extends along a closing direction for the most part, the valve seat having a valve-seat surface, and a valve-closing element is mounted on an end of the valve needle facing the valve seat, the valve-closing element being able to be moved between an open position and a closed position, and the valve-closing element together with the valve-seat surface forming a sealing seat in the closed position, the valve-closing element having a greater core hardness and/or surface hardness than the valve-seat surface.