Provided is a method for increasing magnetic induction intensity of soft magnetic metallic materials. The method includes carburizing or carbonitriding the soft magnetic metallic materials with carbon source or a carbonitriding agent by a heat treatment process, to increase the magnetic induction intensity of the soft magnetic metallic materials, wherein the soft magnetic metallic materials are amorphous materials, nanocrystals, silicon steel, or pure iron.

A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal layer and a protective layer including a three-dimensional structural body made of metal and lithium nitride on the lithium metal layer. The protective layer induces uniform ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity on the surface of the negative electrode. A method for manufacturing method a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the steps of forming a metal hydroxide having a three-dimensional structure, forming a metal nitride having a three-dimensional structure by a nitridation reaction of the metal hydroxide of the three-dimensional structure; and transferring the metal nitride having the three-dimensional structure onto a lithium metal layer to form a protective layer. A lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.

A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal layer and a protective layer including a three-dimensional structural body made of metal and lithium nitride on the lithium metal layer. The protective layer induces uniform ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity on the surface of the negative electrode. A method for manufacturing method a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the steps of forming a metal hydroxide having a three-dimensional structure, forming a metal nitride having a three-dimensional structure by a nitridation reaction of the metal hydroxide of the three-dimensional structure; and transferring the metal nitride having the three-dimensional structure onto a lithium metal layer to form a protective layer. A lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.

A manufacturing method of a nitrided steel member and the nitrided steel member include: performing a nitriding treatment on a steel member made of a carbon steel or an alloy steel in an atmosphere of a nitriding treatment gas in which when the total pressure is set to 1, a partial pressure ratio of NH.sub.3 gas is set to 0.08 to 0.34, a partial pressure ratio of H.sub.2 gas is set to 0.54 to 0.82, and a partial pressure ratio of N.sub.2 gas is set to 0.09 to 0.18, at a flow speed of the nitriding treatment gas set to 1 m/s or more, at 500 to 620 C.; and thereby, forming an iron nitride compound layer having a thickness of 2 to 17 m on a surface of the steel member.

The present invention relates to alloy compositions for 3D metal printing procedures which provide metallic parts with high hardness, tensile strengths, yield strengths, and elongation. The alloys include Fe, Cr and Mo and at least three or more elements selected from C, Ni, Cu, Nb, Si and N. As built parts indicate a tensile strength of at least 1000 MPa, yield strength of at least 640 MPa, elongation of at least 3.0% and hardness (HV) of at least 375.

A FeNi ordered alloy includes a plurality of particles having a L1.sub.0 type ordered structure. A size of the particles is in a range between 200 nm and 500 nm. A volume fraction of a pore in the particles with respect to a volume of the particles having an unit of vol. % is 5% or less.

A process of converting an outer layer of an object made of a refractory metal, such as titanium, into a carbide of the refractory metal. A molten metal, such as molten lithium, is placed adjacent the outer surface of the object. The lithium does not react with the titanium, nor is it soluble within the titanium to any significant extent at the temperatures involved. The molten lithium contains elemental carbon, that is, free carbon atoms. At high temperature, the carbon diffuses into the titanium, and reacts with titanium atoms to form titanium carbide in an outer layer. Significantly, no other atoms are present, such as hydrogen or oxygen, which can cause problems, because they are blocked by the molten lithium.

A part includes a three-dimensional porous metallic workpiece printed via an additive manufacturing process and subsequently subjected to a diffusion-based process to convert at least a portion of the porous metallic workpiece to a ceramic workpiece or an intermetallic workpiece.

Disclosed herein is a method for treating an article made of self-passivating metal including applying reagent to a surface portion of the article and applying laser light to the surface portion of the article to chemically activate the reagent, wherein the chemical activating of the reagent treats the surface portion for modification of one or more properties.