A Si-containing film forming composition comprising a catalyst and/or a polysilane and a NH free, C-free, and Si-rich perhydropolysilazane having a molecular weight ranging from approximately 332 dalton to approximately 100,000 dalton and comprising NH free repeating units having the formula [N(SiH3)x(SiH2-)y], wherein x=0, 1, or 2 and y=0, 1, or 2 with x+y=2; and x=0, 1 or 2 and y=1, 2, or 3 with x+y=3. Also disclosed are synthesis methods and applications for using the same.

There is provided a method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material, wherein the layer of perovskite material is disposed on a surface that has a roughness average (R.sub.a) or root mean square roughness (R.sub.rms) of greater than or equal to 50 nm. The method comprises using vapour deposition to deposit a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer comprising one or more initial precursor compounds of the perovskite material, and subsequently treating the solid layer with one or more further precursor compounds to form a substantially continuous and conformal solid layer of the perovskite material on the rough surface. There is also provided a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising a layer of perovskite material disposed using the method.

A perovskite film, method of preparing thereof, and an optoelectronic device are provided. They are prepared by steps including preparing a mixture containing a first monomer and a second monomer which can be crosslinked in situ; performing an annealing process, and the first monomer and the second monomer are reacted in situ to form a first polymer which combines with the perovskite crystal grains formed by the perovskite precursor and is concentrated at a crystal grain boundary of the perovskite crystal grains to passivate the perovskite crystal grain defects, and then a perovskite film is formed by curing.

A magnesium alloy layered composite for an electronic device can include a magnesium alloy substrate, a passivation layer positioned on the magnesium alloy substrate, and a sol-gel layer positioned on the passivation layer. The passivation layer can include a molybdate, a vanadate, a phosphate, a chromate, a stannate, or a manganese salt. The sol-gel layer can include a silicate, a silane, a siloxane, or a metal C1-C5 alkoxide.

A monolithic method of forming an electrochromic (EC) pane unit, the method including: forming a first electrode via a solution deposition process, on a first conductive layer disposed on a transparent first substrate, forming an electrolyte layer on the first electrode via a sol-gel process, forming a second electrode on the electrolyte layer via a solution deposition process, and forming a second conductive layer on the second electrode.

Fiber for tribological applications, with the exception of mineral fibers, comprising at least one solid lubricant, with the exception of graphite, or boated with at least one solid lubricant, with the exception of graphite.

A method for directly synthesizing graphene on a surface of a target object includes: forming a non-metal layer on a support substrate; disposing the target object in a space above the support substrate, which is opposite to the non-metal layer; and injecting a carbon precursor to form graphene on the surface of the target object to synthesize a graphene film, wherein the graphene is nucleated and grown by a decomposition of the carbon precursor, the carbon precursor is decomposed by heat with catalytic assistance from the non-metal layer, and a carbon atom from the decomposition of the precursor is anchored on the surface to form the graphene film.

This invention is directed to compositions and films comprising hydroxyapatite with minute amounts of doped inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles or doped inorganic nanotubes (INT); methods of preparation and uses thereof.

A method for fabricating quantum dots according to the present disclosure includes (a) synthesizing InP cores based on an aminophosphine type phosphorus (P) precursor, (b) size-sorting the InP cores, and (c) forming at least two shells on the size-sorted InP cores. In this instance, the size-sorting includes precipitating the InP cores with an addition of a dispersive solvent and a nondispersive solvent to the InP cores and separating the InP cores using a centrifugal separator, wherein the InP cores are separated in a descending order by size by performing iteration with a gradual increase in an amount of the nondispersive solvent.

A method for forming a light extraction layer including nanostructures, the method including: providing a substrate, the substrate being at least partially transparent to UV light; forming a non-aqueous precursor solution comprising fluorine and an alkaline earth metal to form alkaline earth metal difluoride particles; applying the precursor solution on at least a first side of the substrate; drying the substrate at a first temperature for a first period of time; and baking the substrate at a second temperature, higher than the first temperature, for a second period of time, thereby forming a light extraction nanostructure layer comprising alkaline earth metal difluoride nanostructures on the substrate. Also, a light extraction structure and to a UV lamp including such an extraction structure.