Embodiments are directed to a method for directly synthesizing graphene on a surface of a target object, which includes: forming a non-metal layer on a support substrate; disposing the target object in a space above the support substrate, which is opposite to the non-metal layer; and injecting a carbon precursor to form graphene on the surface of the target object to synthesize a graphene film, wherein the graphene is nucleated and grown by a decomposition of the carbon precursor, the carbon precursor is decomposed by heat with the catalytic assist from the non-metal layer, a carbon atom from the decomposition of the precursor is anchored on the surface to form the graphene film.

Provided are a flexible organic-inorganic passivation film and a method of forming the same. The flexible organic-inorganic passivation film includes an organic-inorganic passivation film formed by alternately and repeatedly forming an organic film and an inorganic film on a substrate. The organic film is formed by stacking plasma-process generated material on a material layer thereunder. The plasma-process generated material is formed by plasma processing a hydrocarbon or a fluorocarbon.

The present disclosure provides a waste liquid recovery system, a chemical bath deposition device and a deposition method, the waste liquid recovery system comprises a waste liquid storage tank for storing the waste liquid generated by deposition of a cadmium sulfide deposition tank; a refrigeration device for refrigerating the stored waste liquid; a filtering device for filtering the waste liquid obtained after refrigerating; and a chemical liquid storage tank for storing the filtered waste liquid. The waste liquid recovery system, the chemical bath deposition device and the deposition method provided by the present disclosure provide a chemical liquid having the same concentration as an original liquid by refrigerating and filtering the waste liquid, and then replenishing the chemical raw material, thereby greatly improving the recycling of waste liquid and reducing a production cost.

A reinforcement means for molded and extruded articles such as tires has a metal structure with a layer of silica gel bonded thereto. The silica gel bonds the reinforcement means to the rubber compound during the molding/vulcanization of the rubber compound without the need for a slow curing stage. The silica gel may be applied to the metal structure by a sol-gel process with the gel formed by drying the sol at a temperature up to 150 C. The reinforcement means is preferably a cable formed from steel wires coated with the silica gel. To further improve bonding of the silica gel to the rubber compound, an organosilane bonding agent may be included in the rubber compound or the reinforcing means provided with a second layer comprising an organosilane as a bonding agent. The reinforcement means are particularly useful for strengthening and providing geometric stability to tires.

Crystallization of perovskite films was performed in supercritical carbon dioxide with and without organic co-solvents. Post deposition crystallization of the films was performed in a binary, single phase supercritical fluid at constant conditions (45? C., 1200 psi) but with varying organic co-solvent volume fractions up to 2%. The co-solvents can provide selective interactions with one or both of the perovskite precursor compounds resulting in different film morphologies ranging from uniform films containing large grains to films exhibiting large cubic or hexagonal crystals or preferential crystallographic orientations. The use of supercritical fluids to enhance or tune crystallization in solid-state thin films could have broad applications toward the realization of high efficiency photovoltaic devices.

The invention relates to a method for coating surfaces, to a corresponding coating, and to the use of the objects coated according to said method. According to the invention, the method has or consists of the following steps: I. providing a substrate with a cleaned surface, II. contacting and coating the surfaces with an aqueous composition in the form of a dispersion and/or suspension, VI. if necessary rinsing the organic coating, and VII. drying and/or baking the organic coating or VIII. if necessary drying the organic coating and carrying out a coating process using a similar or additional coating composition prior to a drying and/or baking process, wherein between step I and step II, the coating process is carried out using an aqueous composition in the form of a dispersion and/or suspension on the basis of a colloidal silicate sol, which incorporates multivalent metal cations, or a silane- or silicate-modified polymer and if necessary a rinsing process is carried out.

A material contains open pores in which the channels and pores that are internally coated with at least one layer of phosphorus-containing alumina. Such material is formed by infiltrating a porous material one or more times with a non-colloidal, low-viscosity liquid coating precursor, drying, and curing the coating precursor to form a phosphorus-containing alumina layer within pores of the material.

A solution deposition method includes: applying a liquid precursor solution to a substrate, the precursor solution including an oxide of a first metal, a hydroxide of the first metal, or a combination thereof, dissolved in an aqueous ammonia solution; evaporating the precursor solution to directly form a solid seed layer on the substrate, the seed layer including an oxide of the first metal, a hydroxide of the first metal, or a combination thereof, the seed layer being substantially free of organic compounds; and growing a bulk layer on the substrate, using the seed layer as a growth site or a nucleation site.

The invention relates to the use of a coating of a layer including an inorganic, glass-like matrix of an alkali silicate and/or alkaline earth silicate or a layer including an inorganic-organic hybrid matrix or of a double layer of a base layer including an inorganic, glass-like matrix of an alkali silicate and/or alkaline earth silicate or a base layer including an inorganic-organic hybrid matrix and an alkali silicate-free and alkaline earth silicate-free top layer including a matrix of an oxidated silicon compound as the anti-limescale coating on at least one metal surface or inorganic surface of an object or material. The anti-limescale coating can be used for storage or transport devices for water or media containing water. The anti-limescale coating is suitable for pipelines, sand control systems or safety valves in the conveyance of oil or gas or the storage of oil or gas.

Various embodiments provide ice mitigating surface coatings and methods for applying ice mitigating surface coatings. Various embodiment ice mitigating surface coatings may be formed by hydrolysis of one or more substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes terminated with functionalities having the following characteristics with respect to water: 1) non-polar interactions; 2) hydrogen bonding through donor and acceptor interactions; or 3) hydrogen bonding through acceptor interactions only. The substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes of the various embodiments may include methyl terminated species, hydroxyl terminated species, ethylene glycol terminated species, and methoxyethylene glycol terminated species. Various embodiment ice mitigating surface coatings may be applied to metal surfaces, such as aluminum surfaces. Various embodiment substituted n-alkyldimethylalkoxysilanes may have an aliphatic chain that is saturated and liner or branched or that is partially unsaturated and liner or branched.