The invention relates to a method for modification of a biocompatible component. The method of the invention includes the steps of a) providing a biocompatible component at least partly covered by metallic oxide; and b) treating at least a part of the component, which part is covered by the metallic oxide, with an aqueous composition that includes oxalic acid; whereby a modified metallic oxide, is obtained. The invention also relates to a biocompatible component-including a substrate having a surface with a) a microstructure including pits separated by plateus and/or ridges; and b) a primary nanostructure being superimposed on the microstructure, the primary nanostructure having depressions arranged in a wave-like formation.

A production method of a member having a surface provided thereon with a chemical conversion coating includes a contacting step and a washing step. The contacting step causes a reactive-type chemical conversion treating acidic composition to contact with a base material having a metal-based surface thereby forming a chemical conversion coating on the metal-based surface of the base material. The washing step washes the base material having been subjected to the contacting step to obtain a member having a surface provided thereon with the chemical conversion coating. The reactive-type chemical conversion treating acidic composition contains a water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance, a water-soluble titanium-containing substance, and a carboxylic acid compound. The acidic composition is free from a water-soluble cobalt-containing substance.

A coating agent for forming a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet coating able to form an aluminum borate coating high in adhesion and large in tension and a method for manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are provided. The coating agent for forming a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet coating of the present invention comprises an aluminum source containing aluminum oxide and/or an aluminum oxide precursor compound, a boron source containing a borate of an alkali metal, and silicon oxide and/or a silicon oxide precursor in an amount, converted to silicon oxide, of 5 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less with respect to a total solids concentration of the aluminum source and boron source, the aluminum source and the boron source contained so that, by molar ratio, Al/B: 0.5 to 2.0, a solids concentration of a total of the aluminum source and the boron source being 20 mass % or more and 38 mass % or less, and pH being 2.0 or more and 6.0 or less.

A coating agent for forming a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet coating able to form an aluminum borate coating high in adhesion and large in tension and a method for manufacturing the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are provided. The coating agent for forming a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet coating of the present invention comprises an aluminum source containing aluminum oxide and/or an aluminum oxide precursor compound, a boron source containing a borate of an alkali metal, and silicon oxide and/or a silicon oxide precursor in an amount, converted to silicon oxide, of 5 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less with respect to a total solids concentration of the aluminum source and boron source, the aluminum source and the boron source contained so that, by molar ratio, Al/B: 0.5 to 2.0, a solids concentration of a total of the aluminum source and the boron source being 20 mass % or more and 38 mass % or less, and pH being 2.0 or more and 6.0 or less.

A method for treating a metal substrate includes generating a beam from a single laser having a pulse duration less than 800 femtoseconds and a wavelength greater than 700 nanometers. The beam is split via a diffractive optical element to establish first and second separated beams angled away from each other. An optical prism alters respective pitches of the separated beams, and a focal lens receives the altered beams to angle them toward each other at or near a single focal point on the metal substrate. The combined laser irradiation from the altered, separated beams affects the metal substrate to concurrently form a plurality of microstructures and nanostructures thereon.

A method for treating a metal substrate includes generating a beam from a single laser having a pulse duration less than 800 femtoseconds and a wavelength greater than 700 nanometers. The beam is split via a diffractive optical element to establish first and second separated beams angled away from each other. An optical prism alters respective pitches of the separated beams, and a focal lens receives the altered beams to angle them toward each other at or near a single focal point on the metal substrate. The combined laser irradiation from the altered, separated beams affects the metal substrate to concurrently form a plurality of microstructures and nanostructures thereon.