Embodiments relate to a cerium-containing nano-coating composition, the composition including an amorphous matrix including one or more of cerium oxide, cerium hydroxide, and cerium phosphate; and crystalline regions including one or more of crystalline cerium oxide, crystalline cerium hydroxide, and crystalline cerium phosphate. The diameter of each crystalline region is less than about 50 nanometers.

The corrosion resistance of conversion-coated metal substrate surfaces is further enhanced by treating such surfaces with aqueous mixtures of preformed reaction products obtained by reacting catechol compounds, such as dopamine or a dopamine salt, and functionalized co-reactant compounds, such as a polyethyleneimine.

A pre-treatment composition for use before etching SiGe includes an acid, an alcohol, and a silane compound having a chemical formula RSi(R.sup.1).sub.n(OR.sup.2).sub.3-n in which R is (C3-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C3-C20)alkyl, or (C3-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and the alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R, and the alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R.sup.1 may be further substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen, hydroxyl, N(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12), and S(R.sup.13), where each of the R.sup.11, the R.sup.12 and the R.sup.13 is independently hydrogen or (C1-C20)alkyl.

A pre-treatment composition for use before etching SiGe includes an acid, an alcohol, and a silane compound having a chemical formula RSi(R.sup.1).sub.n(OR.sup.2).sub.3-n in which R is (C3-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C3-C20)alkyl, or (C3-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, R.sup.2 is hydrogen, (C1-C20)alkyl, halo(C1-C20)alkyl, (C6-C12)aryl, (C6-C12)aryl(C1-C20)alkyl, or (C1-C20)alkyl(C6-C12)aryl, n is an integer of 0 to 2, and the alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R, and the alkyl, haloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl of R.sup.1 may be further substituted with at least one substituent selected from halogen, hydroxyl, N(R.sup.11)(R.sup.12), and S(R.sup.13), where each of the R.sup.11, the R.sup.12 and the R.sup.13 is independently hydrogen or (C1-C20)alkyl.

Methods for treatment shaped bodies are described herein. The methods generally include contacting at least one shaped body with an aqueous acidic composition to form a conversion layer on a surface of the at least one shaped body, wherein the surface includes iron or steel and a carbon content in a range of 0 to 2.06 wt. % and a chrome content in a range of 0 to <10 wt. % and wherein the surface is optionally galvanized or alloy galvanized. The aqueous acidic composition includes water; from 2 to 500 g/L oxalic acid; and from 0.01 to 20 g/L of at least one catalyst based on guanidine, nitrate or combinations thereof, wherein a pickling removal of the aqueous acidic composition is in a range of 1 to 6 g/m.sup.2.

Apparatus and systems may operate to provide a first reactant as a gas that flows under reduced atmospheric pressure to interact with a surface, such as a tool body surface, the interaction confined to a passage within the tool body, wherein the passage includes the surface and extends without interruption from an entrance end of the passage to an exit end of the passage. Additional activity may include providing a second reactant as a gas under the reduced atmospheric pressure, subsequent to the first reactant, to interact with the surface of the tool body; and repeated provision of the first and second reactants until a selected coating thickness on the surface is formed. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

A novel method of blackening surgical needles is disclosed. Surgical needles having outer surfaces are first placed into a first pretreatment bath having a novel composition. The needles are then placed into a second blackening bath having a novel composition for a sufficient period of time to effectively blacken the surfaces of the needles. The novel methods for blackening the surfaces of a stainless steel alloy surgical needle provide a chromium (VI)-free alternative to current needle manufacturing processes. Another unique feature of this novel method is its short processing time. The blackening processes of the present invention can be utilized for in-line treatment processes which can be easily incorporated into high speed needle manufacturing processes, such as strip mounted processes. In addition, the processes of the present invention are readily adaptable to batch processes. Also disclosed are novel systems for blackening surgical needles and novel blackening baths for surgical needles.

The present disclosure relates to a medical device. The medical device comprises a matrix and a first coating coated on the matrix. The matrix contains a metal element X having a content of ?5 wt %; the first coating is at least one of an elemental metal layer of the metal element X, an alloy layer of the metal element X, and a metal-ceramic layer of the metal element X; and the first coating does not contain nickel and cobalt. The medical device has good use safety, reliability, and biocompatibility, so that a product can meet a use requirement of large plastic deformation, and has good reliability during use. The medical device can particularly meet requirements of product with large plastic deformation during use, such as medical implant devices.

The present invention relates to a composition comprisinga specific binder containing at least one cocondensate based on at least one -glycidyloxyalkylalkoxysilane and a bis(alkoxyalkylsilyl)amine, water, alcohol in an amount of less than 3% by weight, based on the composition, at least one addition selected from the group consisting of particulate metals, metal alloys and metal compounds and optionally at least one additive, where the pH of the composition is from 1 to 14 and the dry residue of the binder is from 1 to 50% by weight, based on the binder used, a process for the production thereof and also the use thereof for coatings, in particular for the protection of metals against corrosion.

The present invention relates to a composition comprisinga specific binder containing at least one cocondensate based on at least one -glycidyloxyalkylalkoxysilane and a bis(alkoxyalkylsilyl)amine, water, alcohol in an amount of less than 3% by weight, based on the composition, at least one addition selected from the group consisting of particulate metals, metal alloys and metal compounds and optionally at least one additive, where the pH of the composition is from 1 to 14 and the dry residue of the binder is from 1 to 50% by weight, based on the binder used, a process for the production thereof and also the use thereof for coatings, in particular for the protection of metals against corrosion.