One exemplary embodiment of this disclosure relates to a method of forming an engine component. The method includes forming an engine component having an internal passageway, the internal passageway formed with an initial dimension. The method further includes establishing a flow of machining fluid within the internal passageway, the machining fluid changing the initial dimension.

The present invention relates to a method for preserving a mark on a metallic workpiece prior to a chemical etching process to remove a surface material from a surface of the workpiece carrying the mark, the method comprising the steps of: deepening the mark relative to the surface to form a first depth; and depositing a filling material into the first depth, wherein the filling material is adapted to be removed during the chemical process, such that a second depth is obtained at the mark after the chemical process. The present invention also relates to a method of treating a metallic workpiece to preserve a mark on the surface of the workpiece, the method comprising the step of treating at least a portion of the surface of the workpiece surrounding the mark to remove at least a surface oxide layer from the mark, the treating step being arranged such that it does not remove all of the surface material from said portion of the surface of the workpiece, but removes at least the surface oxide layer from the mark.

The present invention relates to a method for preserving a mark on a metallic workpiece prior to a chemical etching process to remove a surface material from a surface of the workpiece carrying the mark, the method comprising the steps of: deepening the mark relative to the surface to form a first depth; and depositing a filling material into the first depth, wherein the filling material is adapted to be removed during the chemical process, such that a second depth is obtained at the mark after the chemical process. The present invention also relates to a method of treating a metallic workpiece to preserve a mark on the surface of the workpiece, the method comprising the step of treating at least a portion of the surface of the workpiece surrounding the mark to remove at least a surface oxide layer from the mark, the treating step being arranged such that it does not remove all of the surface material from said portion of the surface of the workpiece, but removes at least the surface oxide layer from the mark.

One exemplary embodiment of this disclosure relates to a method of forming an engine component. The method includes forming an engine component having an internal passageway, the internal passageway formed with an initial dimension. The method further includes establishing a flow of machining fluid within the internal passageway, the machining fluid changing the initial dimension.

One exemplary embodiment of this disclosure relates to a method of forming an engine component. The method includes forming an engine component having an internal passageway, the internal passageway formed with an initial dimension. The method further includes establishing a flow of machining fluid within the internal passageway, the machining fluid changing the initial dimension.

A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal layer and a protective layer including a three-dimensional structural body made of metal and lithium nitride on the lithium metal layer. The protective layer induces uniform ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity on the surface of the negative electrode. A method for manufacturing method a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the steps of forming a metal hydroxide having a three-dimensional structure, forming a metal nitride having a three-dimensional structure by a nitridation reaction of the metal hydroxide of the three-dimensional structure; and transferring the metal nitride having the three-dimensional structure onto a lithium metal layer to form a protective layer. A lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.

A negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including a lithium metal layer and a protective layer including a three-dimensional structural body made of metal and lithium nitride on the lithium metal layer. The protective layer induces uniform ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity on the surface of the negative electrode. A method for manufacturing method a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery including the steps of forming a metal hydroxide having a three-dimensional structure, forming a metal nitride having a three-dimensional structure by a nitridation reaction of the metal hydroxide of the three-dimensional structure; and transferring the metal nitride having the three-dimensional structure onto a lithium metal layer to form a protective layer. A lithium secondary battery including the negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery.

According to an embodiment, a substrate treatment apparatus includes a noble metal-containing member having a concave-convex surface including a noble metal, and a liquid chemical supply member to supply a liquid chemical. While convex portions of the concave-convex surface are contact with a predetermined surface of a metal, the liquid chemical is supplied onto the surface of the metal to remove the metal with etching.

According to an embodiment, a substrate treatment apparatus includes a noble metal-containing member having a concave-convex surface including a noble metal, and a liquid chemical supply member to supply a liquid chemical. While convex portions of the concave-convex surface are contact with a predetermined surface of a metal, the liquid chemical is supplied onto the surface of the metal to remove the metal with etching.

The present invention relates to a method for preserving a mark on a metallic workpiece prior to a chemical etching process to remove a surface material from a surface of the workpiece carrying the mark, the method comprising the steps of: deepening the mark relative to the surface to form a first depth; and depositing a filling material into the first depth, wherein the filling material is adapted to be removed during the chemical process, such that a second depth is obtained at the mark after the chemical process. The present invention also relates to a method of treating a metallic workpiece to preserve a mark on the surface of the workpiece, the method comprising the step of treating at least a portion of the surface of the workpiece surrounding the mark to remove at least a surface oxide layer from the mark, the treating step being arranged such that it does not remove all of the surface material from said portion of the surface of the workpiece, but removes at least the surface oxide layer from the mark.