A method for synthesizing an intergrown twin Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2/MoS.sub.2 two-dimensional nanosheet with exposed (00L) crystal planes is disclosed. An Ni-Mo bonded precursor is formed by using an ion insertion method to restrict Ni ions to be located in a lattice matrix of a Mo-based compound; a dinuclear metal sulfide Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is formed by precisely adjusting and controlling a concentration of a sulfur atmosphere and utilizing a reconstruction effect of Ni element in the lattice matrix of the Mo-based compound; and meanwhile, a growth direction of Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is precisely adjusted and controlled by using a method for growing a single crystal in a limited area, so that Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is grown, taking a single crystal MoS.sub.2 as a growth template, with the single crystal MoS.sub.2 alternately along a crystal plane (110) of the single crystal MoS.sub.2, so as to form a twin Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2/MoS.sub.2 two-dimensional nanosheet in which Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2and MoS.sub.2 are intergrown.

A method for synthesizing an intergrown twin Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2/MoS.sub.2 two-dimensional nanosheet with exposed (00L) crystal planes is disclosed. An Ni-Mo bonded precursor is formed by using an ion insertion method to restrict Ni ions to be located in a lattice matrix of a Mo-based compound; a dinuclear metal sulfide Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is formed by precisely adjusting and controlling a concentration of a sulfur atmosphere and utilizing a reconstruction effect of Ni element in the lattice matrix of the Mo-based compound; and meanwhile, a growth direction of Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is precisely adjusted and controlled by using a method for growing a single crystal in a limited area, so that Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2 is grown, taking a single crystal MoS.sub.2 as a growth template, with the single crystal MoS.sub.2 alternately along a crystal plane (110) of the single crystal MoS.sub.2, so as to form a twin Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2/MoS.sub.2 two-dimensional nanosheet in which Ni.sub.2Mo.sub.6S.sub.6O.sub.2and MoS.sub.2 are intergrown.

A circular carbon process involves: a) reacting hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce methane and water, b) decomposing methane into carbon and hydrogen, and c) using carbon as reducing agent and/or using carbon in a carbon-containing material as reducing agent, in a chemical process to produce carbon monoxide and a reduced substance. The methane produced in a) is used in b), the carbon produced in b) is used in c), and carbon monoxide produced in c) is used in a).

Solid oxide electrolytic cell assembly (SOEC) and methods for making SOECs are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. In the method, the functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte, and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SO electrolytic cell assembly, and coupling the SO electrolytic cell assembly to a heat source.

Solid oxide electrolytic cell assembly (SOEC) and methods for making SOECs are provided. An exemplary method includes forming a functionalized zeolite templated carbon (ZTC). The functionalized ZTC is formed by forming a CaX zeolite, depositing carbon in the CaX zeolite using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process to form a carbon/zeolite composite, treating the carbon/zeolite composite with a solution including hydrofluoric acid to form a ZTC, and treating the ZTC to add catalyst sites. In the method, the functionalized ZTC is incorporated into electrodes by forming a mixture of the functionalized ZTC with a calcined solid oxide electrolyte, and calcining the mixture. The method includes forming an electrode assembly, forming the SO electrolytic cell assembly, and coupling the SO electrolytic cell assembly to a heat source.

A method for operating a hybrid rectifier includes an AC input, a DC output and a thyristor rectifier arranged in a first path, and a transistor rectifier arranged in a second, parallel path. The method includes when a DC voltage at the DC output of the hybrid rectifier is below a voltage threshold value, operating the hybrid rectifier in a first operating state in which the transistor rectifier is isolated from the DC output and connected to the AC input and the thyristor rectifier is connected both to the AC input and to the DC output. When the DC voltage at the DC output of the hybrid rectifier reaches or exceeds the voltage threshold value, operating the hybrid rectifier in a second operating state in which the thyristor rectifier and the transistor rectifier are each connected to the AC input and to the DC output.

An object of the present disclosure is to suppress mixing of gases generated during an operation when supply of electric power is stopped, to thereby shorten the time required for restarting after the electric power is stopped. An electrolysis system of the present disclosure includes an electrolyzer including an electrolytic cell in which an anode and a cathode are overlapped with each other having a diaphragm interposed therebetween, and a liquid surface level control unit which is operated when an electric conduction to the electrolyzer is stopped to adjust a liquid surface level of an electrolytic solution in the electrolytic cell.

An object of the present disclosure is to suppress mixing of gases generated during an operation when supply of electric power is stopped, to thereby shorten the time required for restarting after the electric power is stopped. An electrolysis system of the present disclosure includes an electrolyzer including an electrolytic cell in which an anode and a cathode are overlapped with each other having a diaphragm interposed therebetween, and a liquid surface level control unit which is operated when an electric conduction to the electrolyzer is stopped to adjust a liquid surface level of an electrolytic solution in the electrolytic cell.

An anode separator for use in an electrochemical hydrogen pump includes a first anode gas flow channel having a serpentine shape, a second anode gas flow channel having a serpentine shape, and an anode gas discharge manifold into which an anode gas discharged from each of the first anode gas flow channel and the second anode gas flow channel flow. The first anode gas flow channel and the second anode gas flow channel are provided in a first region and a second region, respectively, that are divided from each other by a predetermined line parallel to a direction of the anode gas that flows into the anode gas discharge manifold.

An anode separator for use in an electrochemical hydrogen pump includes a first anode gas flow channel having a serpentine shape, a second anode gas flow channel having a serpentine shape, and an anode gas discharge manifold into which an anode gas discharged from each of the first anode gas flow channel and the second anode gas flow channel flow. The first anode gas flow channel and the second anode gas flow channel are provided in a first region and a second region, respectively, that are divided from each other by a predetermined line parallel to a direction of the anode gas that flows into the anode gas discharge manifold.