One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating ballast water, which includes: a first step of transporting a raw material from a first base to a second base where a vessel is configured to be anchored; a second step of inputting the raw material into an on-site treatment agent manufacturing facility located at the second base to manufacture a treatment agent; and a third step of supplying the treatment agent to the vessel anchored at the second base and treating ballast water using the treatment agent.

One aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating ballast water, which includes: a first step of transporting a raw material from a first base to a second base where a vessel is configured to be anchored; a second step of inputting the raw material into an on-site treatment agent manufacturing facility located at the second base to manufacture a treatment agent; and a third step of supplying the treatment agent to the vessel anchored at the second base and treating ballast water using the treatment agent.

The present invention provides a disinfectant composition, method for preparing a disinfectant composition, and methods of disinfecting of a surface or article using the disinfectant composition. These compositions are light stable, non-toxic, and non-corrosive, achieve a greater than 99% kill rate on a variety of pathogens and do not contain nanoparticles.

The present invention provides a disinfectant composition, method for preparing a disinfectant composition, and methods of disinfecting of a surface or article using the disinfectant composition. These compositions are light stable, non-toxic, and non-corrosive, achieve a greater than 99% kill rate on a variety of pathogens and do not contain nanoparticles.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode for electrolysis, in which a structure of a metal base layer is optimized, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electrode for electrolysis of the present invention exhibits an overvoltage improved in comparison to a conventional electrode while having excellent durability due to a small loss of a coating layer.

The present disclosure relates to an electrode for electrolysis, in which a structure of a metal base layer is optimized, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the electrode for electrolysis of the present invention exhibits an overvoltage improved in comparison to a conventional electrode while having excellent durability due to a small loss of a coating layer.

Self-cleaning electrochemical cells, systems including self-cleaning electrochemical cells, and methods of operating self-cleaning electrochemical cells are disclosed. The self-cleaning electrochemical cell can include a plurality of concentric electrodes disposed in a housing, a fluid channel defined between the concentric electrodes, and an electrical connector positioned at a distal end of a concentric electrode and electrically connected to the electrode. The electrical connectors may be configured to provide a substantially even current distribution to the concentric electrode and minimize a zone of reduced velocity occurring downstream from the electrical connector. The electrical connector may be configured to cause a temperature of an electrolyte solution to increase by less than about 0.5° C. while transmitting at least 100 W of power.

A system and a method are provided for making hypochlorous acid using saltwater with bicarbonate compound. The system includes an electrolytic cell, a quantity of saltwater solution, and a quantity of bicarbonate compound. The quantity of saltwater solution is poured into the electrolytic cell and then undergoes an electrolytic process. As a result of the quantity of saltwater solution going through the electrolytic process, a hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. In order to ensure a pure hypochlorous acid solution is formed, the quantity of bicarbonate compound can be added into the electrolytic cell along with the quantity of saltwater solution before the electrolytic process or the quantity of bicarbonate compound can be added into the hypochlorous acid solution after the hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. This process adjusts the pH level of the hypochlorous acid solution, and thus, produces a purer hypochlorous acid solution.

A system and a method are provided for making hypochlorous acid using saltwater with bicarbonate compound. The system includes an electrolytic cell, a quantity of saltwater solution, and a quantity of bicarbonate compound. The quantity of saltwater solution is poured into the electrolytic cell and then undergoes an electrolytic process. As a result of the quantity of saltwater solution going through the electrolytic process, a hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. In order to ensure a pure hypochlorous acid solution is formed, the quantity of bicarbonate compound can be added into the electrolytic cell along with the quantity of saltwater solution before the electrolytic process or the quantity of bicarbonate compound can be added into the hypochlorous acid solution after the hypochlorous acid solution is yielded. This process adjusts the pH level of the hypochlorous acid solution, and thus, produces a purer hypochlorous acid solution.

Provided are an anode for electrolysis, which includes a metal base, and a catalyst layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal base, wherein the catalyst layer includes a composite metal oxide of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and platinum, and a metal in the composite metal oxide does not include palladium, wherein, when the catalyst layer is equally divided into a plurality of pixels, a standard deviation of iridium compositions of the plurality of equally divided pixels is 0.40 or less, and a method of preparing the same.