A catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide and a preparation method therefor are provided. The catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises a carbon-based support and a catalyst moiety that is bonded to the carbon-based support and comprises an M.sub.1-N bonding structure (M.sub.1 represents a transition metal atom). The method for preparing a catalyst for producing hydrogen peroxide according to the embodiments of the present invention comprises comprises preparing a carbon-based support, providing a transition metal atom (M.sub.1) to the carbon-based support, and doping nitrogen into the carbon-based support.

Systems and methods for electrochemically producing chemical products are provided. In certain cases, the systems and methods described herein are capable of producing chemical products such as hydrogen peroxide in solutions with relatively low concentrations of electrolyte or other dissolved species at high efficiencies and/or low energetic cost. In some cases, redox mediators are used to temporally decouple direct electrochemical processes from the production of the chemical product.

Systems and methods for electrochemically producing chemical products are provided. In certain cases, the systems and methods described herein are capable of producing chemical products such as hydrogen peroxide in solutions with relatively low concentrations of electrolyte or other dissolved species at high efficiencies and/or low energetic cost. In some cases, redox mediators are used to temporally decouple direct electrochemical processes from the production of the chemical product.

Described herein are three methods for making halogenated fluorinated ether-containing compounds using a fluorinated olefin or hexafluoropropylene oxide.

The invention relates to a device for electrolysis comprising a substrate (1, 6) on which an anode formed of a first diamond layer (3) and a cathode formed of a second diamond layer (4) are provided, wherein the first (3) and second diamond layers (4) are each made of diamond doped with boron.

The compact devices with built-in power can be constructed for producing disinfectants that can impart hygiene and sterilization to the device users. The disinfectants may include ozone (O.sub.3), hydrogen peroxide (H.sub.2O.sub.2), peroxone (H.sub.2O.sub.3), singlet oxygen (O), hydroxy radical (.OH) and hydroperoxyl radical (HO.sub.2.). In the electrolysis, the anode generates O.sub.2 and O.sub.3, whereas the cathode products, namely, either hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) or H.sub.2O.sub.2, is dependent on the cathode materials utilized. When SS304 is used as the cathode, H.sub.2 will be generated. On the other hand, H.sub.2O.sub.2 is formed on using cobalt oxide plated on carbon nanofilm coated Ti (Co.sub.3O.sub.4-CNF/Ti) as cathode. On using the latter, O.sub.3 & H.sub.2O.sub.2 can be electrocatalytically cogenerated. When H.sub.2O.sub.2 mixes with O.sub.3, H.sub.2O.sub.3 will be formed, so are .OH and HO.sub.2.. O.sub.3 and H.sub.2O.sub.2 can not only contribute O.sub.2 to help human beings' breathing, they can impart human beings good health as well.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

The invention relates to a device, including: a channel including an inlet at a first end of the channel and an outlet at a second end of the channel; a cathode arranged in the channel, which cathode includes a first segment selected from titanium, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide and a second segment including carbon, such as a carbon (felt) segment, arranged downstream of the first segment, an anode, arranged in the channel, selected from titanium or, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide, which coating layer faces the cathode; and a power source electrically connected to the cathode and the anode. The invention further relates to a method for the production of chlorine dioxide.

The invention relates to a device, including: a channel including an inlet at a first end of the channel and an outlet at a second end of the channel; a cathode arranged in the channel, which cathode includes a first segment selected from titanium, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide and a second segment including carbon, such as a carbon (felt) segment, arranged downstream of the first segment, an anode, arranged in the channel, selected from titanium or, stainless steel and titanium provided with a mixed metal oxide coating layer including ruthenium oxide and/or iridium oxide, which coating layer faces the cathode; and a power source electrically connected to the cathode and the anode. The invention further relates to a method for the production of chlorine dioxide.

Systems and methods for the recovery of noble metal from noble-metal-containing material are generally described. Certain embodiments related to systems and methods in which an electric current is transported between an electrode and the noble metal of a noble-metal-containing material to dissolve at least a portion of the noble metal from the noble-metal-containing material. The dissolved noble metal can subsequently be precipitated out of solution and recovered, according to certain embodiments. Noble metals can be recovered from any suitable noble-metal-containing material, including plated and/or filled scrap materials and/or other materials.