The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.

The method of producing hydrogen peroxide using nanostructured bismuth oxide is an electrochemical process for producing hydrogen peroxide using a cathode formed as oxygen-deficient nanostructured bismuth oxide deposited as a film on the surface of a conducting substrate. An anode and the cathode are immersed in an alkaline solution saturated with oxygen in an electrolytic cell. An electrical potential is established across the cathode and the anode to initiate electrochemical reduction of the oxygen in the alkaline solution to produce hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction reaction.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and applying the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to apply the current in a pulsed waveform responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell equipped with microelectrodes for the generation of un-separated products and the method for obtaining it. The cell and the microelectrodes of the present invention are obtained using a technology for the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The anodic and cathodic microelectrodes have an electrocatalytic coating and are mutually intercalated at an interelectrodic gap lower than 300 micrometres.

The invention relates to an electrolytic cell equipped with microelectrodes for the generation of un-separated products and the method for obtaining it. The cell and the microelectrodes of the present invention are obtained using a technology for the production of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The anodic and cathodic microelectrodes have an electrocatalytic coating and are mutually intercalated at an interelectrodic gap lower than 300 micrometres.

A porous solid electrolyte electrosynthesis cell and corresponding related process for the direct synthesis of high purity liquid products wherein the electrosynthesis cell comprises a cathode compartment including a cathode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer loaded with a selective reduction reaction electrocatalyst for specific reduction reactions. The electrosynthesis cell further includes an anode compartment including an anode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer loaded with a catalyst for oxidation reactions; and a solid electrolyte compartment comprising a porous solid electrolyte; a cation exchange membrane; and an anion exchange membrane; (or two cation exchange membranes) wherein the solid electrolyte compartment is separated from the cathode and the anode by the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane (or by the two cation exchange membranes).

A porous solid electrolyte electrosynthesis cell and corresponding related process for the direct synthesis of high purity liquid products wherein the electrosynthesis cell comprises a cathode compartment including a cathode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer loaded with a selective reduction reaction electrocatalyst for specific reduction reactions. The electrosynthesis cell further includes an anode compartment including an anode electrode comprising a gas diffusion layer loaded with a catalyst for oxidation reactions; and a solid electrolyte compartment comprising a porous solid electrolyte; a cation exchange membrane; and an anion exchange membrane; (or two cation exchange membranes) wherein the solid electrolyte compartment is separated from the cathode and the anode by the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane (or by the two cation exchange membranes).

A process provides an unlimited source of ammonia, for primary use as a liquid disinfectant for application directly to human hands or to hand wipes, by combining a carbon nanospike catalyst with a copper catalyst, carbon dioxide, water and water vapor in an electrochemical process initiated by a power source. And a process for making urea by addition of carbon dioxide. Further, an improved process provides for making the carbon nanospike, through injection with photons and electromagnetic waves.

A process provides an unlimited source of ethanol, for primary use as a liquid disinfectant for application directly to human hands or to hand wipes, by combining a carbon nanospike catalyst with a copper catalyst, carbon dioxide, water and water vapor, and injection of photons and electromagnetic waves, in an electrochemical process initiated by a power source. The process also provides an unlimited source for hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. Further, the application provides an improved process for making the carbon nanospike, through injection with photons and electromagnetic waves.

A method of operating an electrochemical cell including introducing an aqueous solution into the electrochemical cell, applying a current across an anode and a cathode to produce a product, monitoring the voltage, dissolved hydrogen, or a condition of the aqueous solution, and reversing polarity of the anode and the cathode responsive to one of the measured parameters is disclosed. An electrochemical system including an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode, a source of an aqueous solution having an outlet fluidly connectable to the electrochemical cell, a sensor for measuring a parameter, and a controller configured to cause the anode and the cathode to reverse polarity responsive to the parameter measurement is disclosed. Methods of suppressing accumulation of hydrogen gas within the electrochemical cell are also disclosed. Methods of facilitating operation of an electrochemical cell are also disclosed.