A coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite is disclosed. The coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite has a structure in which algae-like transition metal-doped nickel phosphide nanosheets are deposited on coral-like tungsten oxide nanostructures grown vertically on a substrate. This structure allows the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite to have a large surface area, which leads to a significant increase in the number of catalytic active sites, and ensures high conductivity and electrochemical stability of the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite. Due to these advantages, the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite has a low overpotential and superior hydrogen evolution reaction or oxygen evolution reaction efficiency when applied to a water splitting catalyst under alkaline conditions. Also disclosed are a method for preparing the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite and a catalyst for electrochemical water splitting including the coral reef-like nickel phosphide-tungsten oxide nanocomposite.

A flow-through electrolysis cell includes a hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode. A method of reducing CO.sub.2 includes flowing the CO.sub.2 through the hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode of the flow-through electrolysis cell.

A flow-through electrolysis cell includes a hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode. A method of reducing CO.sub.2 includes flowing the CO.sub.2 through the hierarchical nanoporous metal cathode of the flow-through electrolysis cell.

A catalyst comprising a porous electrically conductive substrate (such as a foam, carbon fibre paper and carbon fibre cloth) and a porous metallic composite of amorphous NiMoP coating at least a portion of the surface or multiple surfaces of the substrate. The composite preferably forms a continuous layer which coats the surfaces and pores of the substrate. Also methods for preparing and using the catalyst, for example in electrolytic water splitting.

A catalyst comprising a porous electrically conductive substrate (such as a foam, carbon fibre paper and carbon fibre cloth) and a porous metallic composite of amorphous NiMoP coating at least a portion of the surface or multiple surfaces of the substrate. The composite preferably forms a continuous layer which coats the surfaces and pores of the substrate. Also methods for preparing and using the catalyst, for example in electrolytic water splitting.

Matrix cells are used to improve the regeneration capacity of an electrolyzer system. The electrolyte is electrolyzed in the matrix cell. Gas (predominantly product gas) which has unwantedly accessed the electrolyte space is transported off from the electrolyte space into the gas space envisioned therefor by a degassing device. Additional measures such as ultrasonic transducers and field electrodes may realize electrolyte flow and improved transporting-off of gas.

Matrix cells are used to improve the regeneration capacity of an electrolyzer system. The electrolyte is electrolyzed in the matrix cell. Gas (predominantly product gas) which has unwantedly accessed the electrolyte space is transported off from the electrolyte space into the gas space envisioned therefor by a degassing device. Additional measures such as ultrasonic transducers and field electrodes may realize electrolyte flow and improved transporting-off of gas.

An elastic mat for an alkaline water electrolysis vessel includes: at least one wire net being woven or knitted with a metal wire and having spring elasticity in a thickness direction thereof, wherein the metal wire is a solid wire having a diameter of 0.16 to 0.29 mm, or a stranded wire including a plurality of solid wires each having a diameter of 0.08 to 0.15 mm, or any combination thereof.

An elastic mat for an alkaline water electrolysis vessel includes: at least one wire net being woven or knitted with a metal wire and having spring elasticity in a thickness direction thereof, wherein the metal wire is a solid wire having a diameter of 0.16 to 0.29 mm, or a stranded wire including a plurality of solid wires each having a diameter of 0.08 to 0.15 mm, or any combination thereof.

The present disclosure provides methods, electrodes, and systems for electrochemical oxidation of polyfluoroalkyl and perfluroalkyl (PFAS) contaminants using Magnéli phase titanium suboxide ceramic electrodes/membranes. Magneli phase titanium suboxide ceramic electrodes/membranes can be porous and can be included in reactive electrochemical membrane filtration systems for filtration, concentration, and oxidation of PFASs and other contaminants.