Disclosed is a method for preparing a metal-carbon composite. The method includes synthesizing a planarized ligand compound via planarization-modification of a polyphenol-based ligand compound; synthesizing a metal-organic composite via hydrothermal synthesis of a mixed solution of the planarized ligand compound and metal ions; drying the metal-organic composite to prepare precursor powders; and carbonizing the precursor powders.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an electrode for alkaline water electrolysis, the method including: dissolving a metal salt in a solvent, followed by synthesis, to prepare a wet powder; performing an oxidative heat treatment on the wet powder; and performing a reductive heat treatment on the oxidatively heat treated powder.

The present disclosure broadly relates to a process for preparing aqueous solutions of vanadium sulfates or aqueous solutions of transition metal sulfates. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a direct electrochemical process in which a suspension, obtained by slurrying transition metals oxides such as oxides of vanadium, oxides of iron, oxides of cobalt, oxides of nickel, oxides of chromium, oxides of manganese, oxides of titanium, oxides of cerium, oxides of praseodymium, oxides of europium, oxides of terbium, oxides of uranium, oxides of plutonium, or their mixtures thereof with sulfuric acid as carrier fluid, is reduced electrochemically inside the cathode compartment of an electrolyzer to produce an aqueous solution of vanadium sulfates or of transition metal sulfates. Simultaneously, oxidizing co-products are produced in the anode compartment.

The present disclosure broadly relates to a process for preparing aqueous solutions of vanadium sulfates or aqueous solutions of transition metal sulfates. More specifically, but not exclusively, the present disclosure relates to a direct electrochemical process in which a suspension, obtained by slurrying transition metals oxides such as oxides of vanadium, oxides of iron, oxides of cobalt, oxides of nickel, oxides of chromium, oxides of manganese, oxides of titanium, oxides of cerium, oxides of praseodymium, oxides of europium, oxides of terbium, oxides of uranium, oxides of plutonium, or their mixtures thereof with sulfuric acid as carrier fluid, is reduced electrochemically inside the cathode compartment of an electrolyzer to produce an aqueous solution of vanadium sulfates or of transition metal sulfates. Simultaneously, oxidizing co-products are produced in the anode compartment.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method, system and composition producing a magnetic carbon nanomaterial product that may comprise carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at least some of which are magnetic CNTs (mCNTs). The method and apparatus employ carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) as a reactant in an electrolysis reaction in order to make mCNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a magnetic additive component is included as a reactant in the method and as a portion of one or more components in the system or composition to facilitate a magnetic material addition process, a carbide nucleation process or both during the electrosynthesis reaction for making magnetic carbon nanomaterials.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

A novel magnesium-based alloy is described. The alloy is particularly suitable for the construction of electrodes, especially anodes, that can be used for an electrochemical process, such as the synthesis of struvite. The magnesium-based alloy is an AZXY alloy in which A is aluminium and Z is zinc, X represents the content, expressed in wt. %, of the first element, and Y the content, expressed in wt. %, of the second element. The AZXY alloy according to the invention has 2%≤X≤4% and 0.5%≤Y≤2%, and an iron (Fe) content of less than 0.005%, and preferably less than 0.003%. The anodes constituted by this novel alloy have a much slower corrosion speed and improved performances compared to existing anodes. An electrode cartridge comprising said alloy and suitable for being inserted into an electrolytic reactor so as to form, once assembled, an electrocoagulation unit, is also described.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

There is provided a fluorine gas production device in which, even when an electrolytic solution containing hydrogen fluoride is electrolyzed at a high current density, a recombination reaction in the electrolytic solution and a recombination reaction in gas phase parts of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are less likely to occur and the electrolytic solution can be electrolyzed with high current efficiency to produce fluorine gas. The fluorine gas production device includes an electrolytic cell (1), a partition wall (7) extending downward in the vertical direction from the ceiling surface inside the electrolytic cell (1) to partition the electrolytic cell (1) into an anode chamber (12) and a cathode chamber (14), an anode (3), and a cathode (5). The lower end of the partition wall (7) is immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) and a length (H) in the vertical direction of a portion immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) of the partition wall (7) is 10% or more and 30% or less of the distance from the bottom surface inside the electrolytic cell (1) to the liquid level of the electrolytic solution (10). The cathode (5) is completely immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) and the upper end of the cathode (5) is arranged at a lower position in the vertical direction relative to the lower end of the partition wall (7). The anode 3 is partially exposed from the liquid level of the electrolytic solution (10).

There is provided a fluorine gas production device in which, even when an electrolytic solution containing hydrogen fluoride is electrolyzed at a high current density, a recombination reaction in the electrolytic solution and a recombination reaction in gas phase parts of an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are less likely to occur and the electrolytic solution can be electrolyzed with high current efficiency to produce fluorine gas. The fluorine gas production device includes an electrolytic cell (1), a partition wall (7) extending downward in the vertical direction from the ceiling surface inside the electrolytic cell (1) to partition the electrolytic cell (1) into an anode chamber (12) and a cathode chamber (14), an anode (3), and a cathode (5). The lower end of the partition wall (7) is immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) and a length (H) in the vertical direction of a portion immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) of the partition wall (7) is 10% or more and 30% or less of the distance from the bottom surface inside the electrolytic cell (1) to the liquid level of the electrolytic solution (10). The cathode (5) is completely immersed in the electrolytic solution (10) and the upper end of the cathode (5) is arranged at a lower position in the vertical direction relative to the lower end of the partition wall (7). The anode 3 is partially exposed from the liquid level of the electrolytic solution (10).