The present invention realizes industrially excellent effects such that when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a longer period of time, and in addition, the present invention provides a technique that enables forming a catalyst layer of an oxygen generation anode, which gives such excellent effects, with a more versatile materials and by a simple electrolysis method. Provided are an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing a hybrid nickel-iron hydroxide nanosheet (NiFe-ns) being a composite of a metal hydroxide and an organic substance to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and using the electrolyte for electrolysis in each chamber in common, an alkaline water electrolysis method including supplying an electrolyte obtained by dispersing a catalyst containing the NiFe-ns to an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, and performing electrolytic deposition of the NiFe-ns in the electrolytic cell during operation to electrolytically deposit the NiFe-ns on a surface of an electrically conductive substrate having a catalyst layer formed on a surface of an oxygen generation anode, thereby recovering and improving electrolysis performance, and an alkaline water electrolysis anode.

A CoVO.sub.x composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 0.5-5 μm thick layer of CoVO.sub.x having pores with average diameters of 2-200 nm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a cobalt complex, and a vanadium complex. The CoVO.sub.x composite electrode is capable of being used in an electrochemical cell for water oxidation.

A catalyst comprising a porous electrically conductive substrate (such as a foam, carbon fibre paper and carbon fibre cloth) and a porous metallic composite of amorphous NiMoP coating at least a portion of the surface or multiple surfaces of the substrate. The composite preferably forms a continuous layer which coats the surfaces and pores of the substrate. Also methods for preparing and using the catalyst, for example in electrolytic water splitting.

The present invention relates to the application of high electrical conductivity electrodes in whatever type of the electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen to substantially reduce power consumption. The high electrical conductivity electrodes are selected from copper electrodes or graphene electrodes and are coated with a catalyst. Type of electrolysis may be conventional diaphragm or membrane type, diaphragm-less or Unipolar electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen.

In a first implementation, a method for exfoliation of graphene flakes from a graphite sample includes compressing a graphite sample in an electrochemical reactor and applying a voltage between the graphite sample and an electrode in the electrochemical cell.

A device for performing electrolysis of water is disclosed. The device comprising: a semiconductor structure comprising a surface and an electron guiding layer below said surface, the electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure being configured to guide electron movement in a plane parallel to the surface, the electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure comprising an InGaN quantum well or a heterojunction, the heterojunction being a junction between AlN material and GaN material or between AlGaN material and GaN material; at least one metal cathode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure; and at least one photoanode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure, wherein the at least one photoanode comprises a plurality of quantum dots of In.sub.xGa.sub.(1−x)N material, wherein 0.4≤x≤1. A system comprising such device is also disclosed.

An electrode with a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) layer and a metal-organic framework (MOF) layer. The electrode overcomes mass transport limits by providing a gas diffusion pathway to conductive MOF electrodes. At the same applied potential, this translates to a tenfold improvement in current density (greater than 100 mA cm.sup.−2) relative to conventional conductive MOF electrode geometries (less than 1 mA cm.sup.−2).

A proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer component selected from at least one of a bipolar plate or porous transport layer has an electrically conductive and oxidatively stable coating of an electrically conductive metal nitride or an electrically conductive metal oxide on at least one surface thereof.

A proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer component selected from at least one of a bipolar plate or porous transport layer has an electrically conductive and oxidatively stable coating of an electrically conductive metal nitride or an electrically conductive metal oxide on at least one surface thereof.

A hydrogen electrode includes: a first layer; and a second layer located on the side of the electrolyte membrane relative to the first layer. The first layer is formed of a sintered body of a first metal and a first oxide. The second layer is formed of a sintered body of a second metal and a second oxide different from the first oxide. The first metal and the second metal each are a single metal of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu or an alloy of the element. The first oxide is zirconia stabilized with an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Sc, Ca, and Mg. The second oxide is ceria doped with an oxide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Sm, Gd, and Y.