A capillary electrolysis in alkaline solution to produce hydrogen has a container having a plurality of polarized electrodes immersed in a chemical solution. A power source to generate the required electricity to produce a chemical reaction between the chemical solution and the electrodes.

A capillary electrolysis in alkaline solution to produce hydrogen has a container having a plurality of polarized electrodes immersed in a chemical solution. A power source to generate the required electricity to produce a chemical reaction between the chemical solution and the electrodes.

A CoVO.sub.x composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 0.5-5 μm thick layer of CoVO.sub.x having pores with average diameters of 2-200 nm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a cobalt complex, and a vanadium complex. The CoVO.sub.x composite electrode is capable of being used in an electrochemical cell for water oxidation.

Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to catalyst compositions including metal chalcogenides, processes for producing such catalyst compositions, processes for enhancing catalytic active sites in such catalyst compositions, and uses of such catalyst compositions in, e.g., processes for producing conversion products. In an aspect, a process for forming a catalyst composition is provided. The process includes introducing an electrolyte material and an amphiphile material to a metal chalcogenide to form the catalyst composition. In another aspect, a catalyst composition is provided. The catalyst composition includes a metal chalcogenide, an electrolyte material, and an amphiphile material. Devices for hydrogen evolution reaction are also provided.

Provided are a photocatalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a water splitting apparatus including the same. Without using an additional device, a photoelectrode with improved current density may be obtained through visible light absorption using the upconversion.

Provided are a photocatalyst, a method for preparing the same, and a water splitting apparatus including the same. Without using an additional device, a photoelectrode with improved current density may be obtained through visible light absorption using the upconversion.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

In this disclosure, a process of recycling acid, base and the salt reagents required in the Li recovery process is introduced. A membrane electrolysis cell which incorporates an oxygen depolarized cathode is implemented to generate the required chemicals onsite. The system can utilize a portion of the salar brine or other lithium-containing brine or solid waste to generate hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and carbonate salts. Simultaneous generation of acid and base allows for taking advantage of both chemicals during the conventional Li recovery from brines and mineral rocks. The desalinated water can also be used for the washing steps on the recovery process or returned into the evaporation ponds. The method also can be used for the direct conversion of lithium salts to the high value LiOH product. The method does not produce any solid effluent which makes it easy-to-adopt for use in existing industrial Li recovery plants.

A device for performing electrolysis of water is disclosed. The device may include a semiconductor structure with a surface and an electron guiding layer below said surface, the electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure being configured to guide electron movement in a plane parallel to the surface. The electron guiding layer of the semiconductor structure may include an InGaN quantum well or a heterojunction, the heterojunction being a junction between AlN material and GaN material or between AlGaN material and GaN material and at least one metal cathode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure. The device may further include at least one photoanode arranged on the surface of the semiconductor structure, wherein the at least one photoanode may include a plurality of quantum dots of In.sub.xGa.sub.(1-x)N material, wherein 0.4≤x≤1. A system including such a device is also disclosed.

A disinfection system device for producing ozone water directly in a water pipe system contains an electrolytic tap water ozonation generator and holder. The electrolytic tap water ozonation generator includes at least one anode sheet and at least one cathode sheet. The holder includes a base, and the base has a locking portion, an inflow orifice, an outflow orifice, a connection interface, and a damping valve. A flow switch is mounted above the base and has an intake, and a discharge orifice of the flow switch is communicated with the outflow orifice. A top of the base is connected with one of two lids, the other lid is connected with the first socket and a second socket, and the other lid accommodates a control panel. The number of the anode sheet(s) is n which is a natural number and n≥1. The number of the cathode sheets is n+1.