A membrane-free electrochemical reactor and fuel-cell having a collection chamber between a first and second chamber, a mesoporous carbon paper cathode between the first chamber and the collection chamber, a mesoporous carbon paper anode between the second chamber and the collection chamber, the cathode is coated with an oxygen reduction reaction catalyst that imparts a two-electron partial reduction reaction to hydrogen peroxide, the anode is coated with an oxygen evolution reaction coating or a hydrogen oxidation reaction coating, oxygen/air input and output ports connected to the first chamber, KOH/water input and output ports connected to the second chamber that are in an open state under an electrolyzer mode, H.sub.2/water input and output ports connected to the second chamber that are in an open state under a fuel-cell mode, a second KOH/water input port connected to the collection chamber, and a hydrogen peroxide/KOH/water output port connected to the collection chamber.

The present disclosure relates to a self-supporting electrocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, the self-supporting electrocatalytic material is a Cu.sub.2O/WO.sub.3/CF self-supporting electrocatalytic material. The Cu.sub.2O/WO.sub.3/CF self-supporting electrocatalytic material comprises: a foamed copper substrate, and Cu.sub.2O and WO.sub.3 grown in situ on the foamed copper substrate.

A zinc-based metal organic framework and method of making is described. The zinc-based metal organic framework is in the form of an interpenetrating diamondoid framework where each Zn.sup.2+ ion center is linked with four other Zn.sup.2+ ion centers in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The linking occurs through diamine and dicarboxylic acid linkers. The zinc-based metal organic framework may be deposited on a transparent conducting film and used as a photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

A zinc-based metal organic framework and method of making is described. The zinc-based metal organic framework is in the form of an interpenetrating diamondoid framework where each Zn.sup.2+ ion center is linked with four other Zn.sup.2+ ion centers in a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The linking occurs through diamine and dicarboxylic acid linkers. The zinc-based metal organic framework may be deposited on a transparent conducting film and used as a photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting.

An electrochemical cell includes a first electrolyte layer containing an oxide-ion conductor, a second electrolyte layer containing a proton conductor, a first electrode which is disposed between the first electrolyte layer and the second electrolyte layer and in contact with a first principal surface of the first electrolyte layer and a first principal surface of the second electrolyte layer and into which a gas flows, a second electrode which is provided on a second principal surface of the first electrolyte layer and which generates oxygen, and a third electrode which is provided on a second principal surface of the second electrolyte layer and which generates hydrogen.

Provided is a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and having: a layer of an electroactive material deposited on a surface of an open cell substrate that is formed of a material that differs from the electroactive material; or a fluid-permeable electrode having an open-cell structure and consisting of an electroactive material.

A proton exchange membrane-based electrolyser includes an anode, a cathode and a proton exchange membrane, with the anode at a first surface of the membrane and the cathode at a second opposite surface.

The anode includes an anodic catalyst layer and an anodic porous transport layer in parallel, with the catalyst layer between the transport layer and the first surface. The cathode includes a cathodic catalyst layer and a cathodic porous transport layer in parallel, with the catalyst layer between the transport layer and the second surface. The electrolyser includes conductive first and second meshes at the side of the anode and the side of the cathode, in which a surface of the first mesh covers the surface of the anodic catalyst layer, and in which a surface of the second mesh covers the surface of the cathodic catalyst layer.

The present invention provides an alkaline water electrolysis anode such that even when electric power having a large output fluctuation, such as renewable energy, is used as a power source, the electrolysis performance is unlikely to be deteriorated and excellent catalytic activity is retained stably over a long period of time. The alkaline water electrolysis anode is an alkaline water electrolysis anode 10 provided with an electrically conductive substrate 2 at least a surface of which contains nickel or a nickel base alloy and a catalyst layer 6 disposed on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate 2, the catalyst layer 6 containing a nickel-containing metal oxide having a spinel structure, wherein the nickel-containing metal oxide contains nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn), and has an atom ratio of Li/Ni/Mn/O of (0.0 to 0.8)/(0.4 to 0.6)/(1.0 to 1.8)/4.0.

Disclosed herein is a process for making an at least partially coated electrode active material. The process includes: (a) providing an electrode active material according to general formula Li.sub.1+xTM.sub.1−xO.sub.2, where TM includes Ni, Mn and, optionally, Co and at least one metal selected from Al, Nb, Ta, Zr, Ti and Zr, where x is between 0.05 and 0.2, and where the Ni content is at least 55 mol-% referring to TM, (b) treating said electrode active material with a metal alkyl compound, (c) treating the material obtained in step (b) with an oxidant or moisture, (d) treating the material obtained from step (c) with a compound according to formula M.sup.1OR.sup.1 where M.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K and where R.sup.1 is selected from the group consisting of isopropyl, n-butyl and tert.-butyl, and (e) repeating the sequence of steps (b) to (d) from 1-30 times.

This is a system for generating and supplying a hydrogen gas from water by water splitting using a carbon electrode containing ethylidyne without any external electric power, which system comprises A) a carbon electrode containing ethylidyne, B) an alkaline electrolyte water solution and C) a metal electrode selected from group consisting of a typical metal including zinc, aluminum and magnesium and a transition metal including copper, wherein the carbon electrode containing ethylidyne and the metal electrode are brought into contact with or opposed to each other in the alkaline electrolyte water solution, and the water is decomposed by the effect of ethylidyne to generate a hydrogen gas according to the following reaction.

CH.sub.3C+O.fwdarw.CH.sub.3CO.sup.++e−

2H.sup.++2e−.fwdarw.H.sub.2↑

as shown in FIG. 1A