A carbon dioxide electrolytic device includes: an electrolysis cell including a cathode, an anode, cathode and anode flow paths, and a separator; a carbon dioxide source to supply carbon dioxide to the cathode flow path; a solution source to supply an electrolytic solution containing water to the anode flow path; at least one sensor to acquire at least one data of a data indicating a discharge amount per unit time of a liquid containing water to be discharged from at least one flow path and a data indicating a concentration of at least one ion in the liquid; a refresh material source including a gas source to supply a gaseous substance to the at least one flow path; and a controller programmed to stop the supply of the carbon dioxide and the electrolytic solution, and start supply of a gaseous substance from the refresh material source, in accordance with the at least one data.

A method for preparing sulfuryl fluoride by electrofluorination is described. The method for preparing sulfuryl fluoride by electrofluorination comprises a step of subjecting sulfur dioxide and a hydrogen fluoride complex to an electrofluorination reaction in an electrolytic cell. By means of this, the production cost of sulfuryl fluoride can be reduced, and the purity and yield of sulfuryl fluoride can be improved, thus making it suitable for industrial production.

A method for preparing sulfuryl fluoride by electrofluorination is described. The method for preparing sulfuryl fluoride by electrofluorination comprises a step of subjecting sulfur dioxide and a hydrogen fluoride complex to an electrofluorination reaction in an electrolytic cell. By means of this, the production cost of sulfuryl fluoride can be reduced, and the purity and yield of sulfuryl fluoride can be improved, thus making it suitable for industrial production.

An offshore wind turbine erected in a body of water includes a generator, a foundation, a nacelle, a tower having a first end mounted to the foundation and a second end supporting the nacelle, an electrolytic unit arranged above a water level and electrically powered by the generator to produce hydrogen from an input fluid, in particular water, and a fluid supply assembly for supplying the input fluid from a fluid inlet arranged below the water level to the electrolytic unit by means of a fluid connection, wherein the fluid supply assembly includes a cleaning unit configured to clean a build-up formed along an area extending through the inner part of at least a part of the fluid connection or formed at the fluid inlet.

A method of recovering performance of a water electrolysis system is a method of recovering performance of a water electrolysis system which includes a water electrolysis stack having a solid polymer membrane, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, the method including the steps of: bringing an operating state of the water electrolysis system into a state of low-temperature operation in which a temperature of water is lower than a temperature of water during ordinary operation in which water electrolysis is carried out by the water electrolysis stack; and in the state of the low-temperature operation, passing an electric current through each of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method to generate optimally sized microbubbles and/or nanobubbles of hydrogen gas, oxygen gas and/or oxyhydrogen gas according electrolysis cell parameters and voltage and/or size and/or volume of water in a water reservoir or from a flow of water. In a water reservoir a control unit is operable to control water pump means to pump water at a predetermined velocity through the electrolysis cell according to the parameters of the electrolysis cell to control the average size of the nanobubbles and/or microbubbles generated, and the water flow at the predetermined velocity shears the generated nanobubbles and/or microbubbles from the electrodes into the water flow and through the water outlet of the apparatus. In a water flow, a control unit operable to adjust voltage to the electrolysis cell, whereby the amount of the voltage adjustment is made according to the rate of flow of water and to the parameters of the electrolysis cell to control the average size of the nanobubbles and/or microbubbles generated, and wherein the flow of water shears the generated nanobubbles and/or microbubbles from the electrodes into the water flow and through a water outlet.

A method of operating an electrolyzer system, including an alkali lye circulating in the system, whereby a lye-related property is determined and further process control is subject to possible change in dependency of an evaluation of the determined property. The property includes the lye concentration which is in particular automatically detected and a lye refilling operation is in particular effected automatically in dependency of the detected concentration, and/or the property includes at least one visually inspectable parameter of the lye and/or lye flow, which is, in particular automatically and in particular during operation of the electrolyzer, detected by visual inspection of the lye/lye flow. An operation condition of the electrolyzer system is determined on the basis of the evaluation.

An electrochemical hydrogen pump includes: a cell including a proton conductive electrolyte membrane having a first main surface and a second main surface, a cathode disposed on the first main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane, and an anode disposed on the second main surface of the proton conductive electrolyte membrane; a voltage applier that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode; a cooler that cools the cell; and a controller that controls the cooler to increase an amount of cooling per unit time of the cell when a pressure of a cathode gas flow path on the cathode increases.

A containerised modular electrochemical cell system, comprising: a housing; and a plurality of electrochemical stacks removably mounted within said housing, each stack comprising: one or more electrochemical cells; one or more fluid inlet(s) for receiving feedstock; and one or more product outlet(s), wherein the stacks are arranged in at least one string, each string comprising two or more of the stacks, the stacks in each string being electrically connectable in series, and each string being connectable to a power source, and wherein each stack or string is configured to be independently activated; and wherein each string comprises: at least one feedstock inlet manifold fluidly coupled to the inlet(s) of the stacks of the string for distributing feedstock between the inlet(s) of the stacks, and at least one product outlet manifold fluidly coupled to the outlet(s) of the stacks of the string; and flow regulation means configured to regulate fluid flow through the inlet(s) and/or outlet(s).

A containerised modular electrochemical cell system, comprising: a housing; and a plurality of electrochemical stacks removably mounted within said housing, each stack comprising: one or more electrochemical cells; one or more fluid inlet(s) for receiving feedstock; and one or more product outlet(s), wherein the stacks are arranged in at least one string, each string comprising two or more of the stacks, the stacks in each string being electrically connectable in series, and each string being connectable to a power source, and wherein each stack or string is configured to be independently activated; and wherein each string comprises: at least one feedstock inlet manifold fluidly coupled to the inlet(s) of the stacks of the string for distributing feedstock between the inlet(s) of the stacks, and at least one product outlet manifold fluidly coupled to the outlet(s) of the stacks of the string; and flow regulation means configured to regulate fluid flow through the inlet(s) and/or outlet(s).