Methods and compositions for electrodepositing mixed metal reactive metal layers by combining reactive metal complexes with electron withdrawing agents are provided. Modifying the ratio of one reactive metal complex to the other and varying the current density can be used to vary the morphology the metal layer on the substrate.

The present invention concerns a method for the preparation of a catalyst onto a solid support of a (semi-)conductive material consisting in depositing said catalyst onto said support from a near-neutral aqueous solution containing at least one nickel or cobalt organic complex and at least one basic oxoanion, by a method selected in the group consisting of reductive electrodeposition, photochemical electrodeposition and photoelectrochemical deposition. The present invention also concerns said catalyst and uses thereof.

The present invention concerns a method for the preparation of a catalyst onto a solid support of a (semi-)conductive material consisting in depositing said catalyst onto said support from a near-neutral aqueous solution containing at least one nickel or cobalt organic complex and at least one basic oxoanion, by a method selected in the group consisting of reductive electrodeposition, photochemical electrodeposition and photoelectrochemical deposition. The present invention also concerns said catalyst and uses thereof.

A process of making a dense, cohesive and uniform aluminum oxide coating on a metallic substrate includes electrodepositing polynuclear aluminum oxide hydroxide clusters from a polynuclear aluminum oxide hydroxide cluster solution on a metallic substrate to form a precursor coating, and post-treating the precursor coating to form a final aluminum oxide coating on the metallic substrate.

A process of making a dense, cohesive and uniform aluminum oxide coating on a metallic substrate includes electrodepositing polynuclear aluminum oxide hydroxide clusters from a polynuclear aluminum oxide hydroxide cluster solution on a metallic substrate to form a precursor coating, and post-treating the precursor coating to form a final aluminum oxide coating on the metallic substrate.

A method including: employing pure magnesium or a magnesium alloy as a substrate material, and sanding and cleaning the substrate material; preparing an electrolyte including 0.8-8 mmol/L of Zn.sup.2+, 30-50 mmol/L of Ca.sup., 15-35 mmol/L of H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup., 0-0.5 mol/L of NaNO.sub.3, and 0-0.05 mmol/L of a magnesium ion complexing agent; employing the substrate material as a cathode, a graphite flake as an anode, heating the electrolyte to a temperature of between 60 and 90 C., and synchronously immersing the cathode and the anode into the electrolyte; and implementing an electrochemical deposition method in the electrolyte for between 20 and 60 min.

A method including: employing pure magnesium or a magnesium alloy as a substrate material, and sanding and cleaning the substrate material; preparing an electrolyte including 0.8-8 mmol/L of Zn.sup.2+, 30-50 mmol/L of Ca.sup., 15-35 mmol/L of H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup., 0-0.5 mol/L of NaNO.sub.3, and 0-0.05 mmol/L of a magnesium ion complexing agent; employing the substrate material as a cathode, a graphite flake as an anode, heating the electrolyte to a temperature of between 60 and 90 C., and synchronously immersing the cathode and the anode into the electrolyte; and implementing an electrochemical deposition method in the electrolyte for between 20 and 60 min.

A method of coating a metal article is disclosed that includes immersing a metal article having an exterior anodized layer in a bath containing a chemically active corrosion inhibitor, and applying a voltage to the article during the immersing, the voltage driving the chemically active corrosion inhibitor from the bath into the exterior anodized layer. An article is also disclosed that has a substrate comprising a metal, and a porous anodized layer formed on an exterior surface of the substrate that is infiltrated with a chemically active corrosion inhibitor, the anodized layer having an inward-facing region and an outward-facing region, the anodized layer having a greater concentration of chemically active corrosion inhibitors in the inward-facing region than in the outward-facing region.

Disclosed is a solution composition which may be used for a single-bath electrochemical passivation and a method using the same. The solution composition includes a metal cation, a metal-oxide anion; and an organic ligand, and optionally includes a non-metallic oxide anion or a polymer. The solution composition may prevent undesired precipitation of metal oxides before performing passivation. In addition, the method of passivation using the solution composition in a single-bath use is also provided.

Disclosed is a solution composition which may be used for a single-bath electrochemical passivation and a method using the same. The solution composition includes a metal cation, a metal-oxide anion; and an organic ligand, and optionally includes a non-metallic oxide anion or a polymer. The solution composition may prevent undesired precipitation of metal oxides before performing passivation. In addition, the method of passivation using the solution composition in a single-bath use is also provided.