The present disclosure provides a method of anodizing a surface of a semiconductor device comprising a p-n junction. The method comprises exposing a first surface portion of the semiconductor device to an electrolytic solution that is suitable for anodizing the first surface portion when an electrical current is directed through a region at the first surface portion. Further, the method comprises exposing a portion of the semiconductor device to electromagnetic radiation in a manner such that the electromagnetic radiation induces the electrical current and the first surface portion anodizes.

The invention relates to an apparatus for continuously electrolytically coating a wire for a high tension cable for use in overhead transmission lines, wherein the apparatus comprises a bath for an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a precursor for an electro-ceramic coating on a wire, a first air knife cleaning device, an electrification device for electrifying the wire, a plurality of guide members positioned to route the wire from into, through and out of the bath, a cathodic connection positioned in the bath for contacting the aqueous electrolytic solution, and a power source electrically connected to the electrification device and the cathodic connection, said power source capable of providing high voltage and high current to the wire through the electrification device, and through the wire in the bath to the cathode connection via the aqueous electrolytic solution.

The invention relates to an apparatus for continuously electrolytically coating a wire for a high tension cable for use in overhead transmission lines, wherein the apparatus comprises a bath for an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a precursor for an electro-ceramic coating on a wire, a first air knife cleaning device, an electrification device for electrifying the wire, a plurality of guide members positioned to route the wire from into, through and out of the bath, a cathodic connection positioned in the bath for contacting the aqueous electrolytic solution, and a power source electrically connected to the electrification device and the cathodic connection, said power source capable of providing high voltage and high current to the wire through the electrification device, and through the wire in the bath to the cathode connection via the aqueous electrolytic solution.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing that forms a portion of an outer surface of the electronic device and a display disposed in the housing and visually exposed through one side of the housing. The housing includes a first portion containing a metallic material, and the first portion includes a base material layer made of the metallic material, a first film layer that is disposed adjacent to a surface of the housing and that contains oxide of the metallic material, and a second film layer that is disposed between the base material layer and the first film layer and that contains oxide of the metallic material. The first film layer includes a first pore structure that extends in a direction substantially perpendicular to a surface of the first film layer, and the second film layer includes a second pore structure that is at least partially in fluid communication with the first pore structure and that extends in a radial shape toward the base material layer.

The invention discloses an anodization sealing process for an aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles, including the steps for rinsing with pure water, electrolysis, rinsing once again, electrical deposition sealing, rinsing with pure water several times and baking. The aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles obtained thus has improved alkali resistance and erosion resistance.

The invention discloses an anodization sealing process for an aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles, including the steps for rinsing with pure water, electrolysis, rinsing once again, electrical deposition sealing, rinsing with pure water several times and baking. The aluminum or aluminum alloy element for vehicles obtained thus has improved alkali resistance and erosion resistance.

There is disclosed a method for producing corrosion and erosion-resistant mixed oxide coatings on a metal substrate, as well as a mixed oxide coating itself. A surface of the substrate metal is oxidized and converted into a first coating compound comprising a primary oxide of that metal by a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process. One or more secondary oxide compounds comprising oxides of secondary elements not present in conventional alloys of the substrate metals at significant (>2 wt %) levels are added to the first oxide coating. The source of the secondary element(s) is at least one of: i) a soluble salt of the secondary element(s) in the electrolyte; ii) an enrichment of the surface of the substrate metal with secondary element(s) prior to PEO processing; and iii) a suspension of the secondary element(s) or oxide(s) of the secondary element(s) applied to the oxide of the metal after this has been formed by the PEO process.

There is disclosed a method for producing corrosion and erosion-resistant mixed oxide coatings on a metal substrate, as well as a mixed oxide coating itself. A surface of the substrate metal is oxidized and converted into a first coating compound comprising a primary oxide of that metal by a plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process. One or more secondary oxide compounds comprising oxides of secondary elements not present in conventional alloys of the substrate metals at significant (>2 wt %) levels are added to the first oxide coating. The source of the secondary element(s) is at least one of: i) a soluble salt of the secondary element(s) in the electrolyte; ii) an enrichment of the surface of the substrate metal with secondary element(s) prior to PEO processing; and iii) a suspension of the secondary element(s) or oxide(s) of the secondary element(s) applied to the oxide of the metal after this has been formed by the PEO process.

A method of coating a medical implant with hydroxyapatite comprises steps of: (a) plasma treating said medical implant by a plasma electrolytic oxidation bath within an electrolyte; (b) hydroxyapatite coating a plasma treated medical implant in a hydrothermal pressurized reactor; (c) washing a hydroxyapatite coated medical implant; and (d) drying a washed medical implant. At least one of steps a and b further comprises a sub-step of forming crystallization seeds on a surface of said medical implant.

The present subject matter relates to techniques of electrolytic oxidation for composite materials. In an example, a method includes immersing a composite material into an electrolytic solution for electrolytic oxidation, wherein the composite material comprises a metal alloy substrate and a second substrate. The method further includes providing a predetermined voltage to the electrolytic solution after every predefined time interval, wherein the voltage triggers electrolytic oxidation of the metal alloy substrate.