Methods and systems for high pressure die casting with metal alloys of low silicon content are described. Metal alloys can be modified with nanoparticles to achieve high fluidity and hot cracking resistance to be compatible with high pressure die casting. The die cast metal parts have high strength, high ductility, and high thermal and electrical conductivity. The die cast metal parts can be anodized with different colors.

The aluminum member of the present disclosure includes a mother material containing aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and an anodic oxide film on the surface of the mother material, in which the arithmetical mean roughness Ra, the mean length of roughness curve elements RSm, and the Hunter whiteness of the aluminum member, measured from the surface side of the anodic oxide film, are 0.1 μm or more, 10 μm or less, and 60 to 90, respectively.

The aluminum member of the present disclosure includes a mother material containing aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and an anodic oxide film on the surface of the mother material, in which the arithmetical mean roughness Ra, the mean length of roughness curve elements RSm, and the Hunter whiteness of the aluminum member, measured from the surface side of the anodic oxide film, are 0.1 μm or more, 10 μm or less, and 60 to 90, respectively.

An aluminum member exhibits improved alkali resistance with respect to an anodic oxide coating. The highly alkali-resistant aluminum member includes a material that includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an anodic oxide coating that is formed on the surface of the material, and a coating layer that is formed on the anodic oxide coating, and includes a siloxane glass component in a ratio of 90 mass % or more, wherein the coating layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 μm and a coating mass of 0.4 to 5.0 g/m.sup.2.

An aluminum member exhibits improved alkali resistance with respect to an anodic oxide coating. The highly alkali-resistant aluminum member includes a material that includes aluminum or an aluminum alloy, an anodic oxide coating that is formed on the surface of the material, and a coating layer that is formed on the anodic oxide coating, and includes a siloxane glass component in a ratio of 90 mass % or more, wherein the coating layer has a thickness of 0.5 to 5.0 μm and a coating mass of 0.4 to 5.0 g/m.sup.2.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by two rod holders (51). The rod holders (51) are attached to metal holder sustaining stands (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1). A coating film layer (10) is formed by a black nickel plating process on parts of wall surfaces in the vacuum housing (1), an inlet lens (4), and an outlet lens (6), the parts facing a quadrupole mass filter unit (5). The emissivity of the coating film layer (10) is higher than that of Al or the like, and thus radiant heat from the quadrupole mass filter unit (5) is efficiently absorbed by the coating film layer (10). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holders (51) due to dielectric loss is efficiently dissipated, and deformation of the rod holders can be reduced.

This application relates to a method for forming an enclosure for a portable electronic device. The enclosure includes a metal substrate having a first b* value. The method includes forming an anodized layer that overlays and is formed from the metal substrate, wherein the anodized layer has a second b* value that is no greater than 0.3 of the first b* value and no less than 0.3 less than the first *b value.

The embodiments described herein relate to treatments for anodic layers. The methods described can be used to impart a white appearance for an anodized substrate. The anodized substrate can include a metal substrate and a porous anodic layer derived from the metal substrate. The porous anodic layer can include pores defined by pore walls and fissures formed within the pore walls. The fissures can act as a light scattering medium to diffusely reflect visible light. In some embodiments, the method can include forming fissures within the pore walls of the porous anodic layer. In some embodiments, exposing the porous anodic layer to an etching solution can form fissures. The method further includes removing a top portion of the porous anodic layer while retaining a portion of the porous anodic layer.

The present invention provides; a pellicle frame which can effectively inhibit distortion of the photo mask (8) caused by mounting the pellicle (1), and which does not have a complex shape, and a pellicle which uses said pellicle frame are provided, and a manufacturing method of a blackened pellicle frame is also provided which can reduce the defect of the surface flickering under concentrated light and which facilitates inspection of the foreign matter adhesion prior to use. The present invention relates to a pellicle frame with an anodized film on a surface of an aluminum alloy frame, characterized in that: the aluminum alloy frame comprises an aluminum alloy which contains Ca: 5.0 to 10.0% by mass with the remainder aluminum and unavoidable impurities are contained, and has an area (volume) ratio of an Al.sub.4Ca phase, which is a dispersed phase, is greater than or equal to 25%, and a crystal structure of a part of the Al.sub.4Ca phase is monoclinic; wherein the Al.sub.4Ca phase dispersed in the anodized film is anodized, and the anodized film is stained with a black dye.

Four rod electrodes (50a to 50d) for separating ions according to a mass-to-charge ratio are held by two rod holders (51). The rod holders (51) are attached to metal holder sustaining stands (52) provided on a bottom surface of a vacuum housing (1). A coating film layer (10) is formed by a black nickel plating process on parts of wall surfaces in the vacuum housing (1), an inlet lens (4), and an outlet lens (6), the parts facing a quadrupole mass filter unit (5). The emissivity of the coating film layer (10) is higher than that of Al or the like, and thus radiant heat from the quadrupole mass filter unit (5) is efficiently absorbed by the coating film layer (10). Therefore, heat generated in the rod holders (51) due to dielectric loss is efficiently dissipated, and deformation of the rod holders can be reduced.