A thermal swing reactor including a multi-flight auger and methods for solar thermochemical reactions are disclosed. The reactor includes a multi-flight auger having different helix portions having different pitch. Embodiments of reactors include at least two distinct reactor portions between which there is at least a pressure differential. In embodiments, reactive particles are exchanged between portions during a reaction cycle to thermally reduce the particles at first conditions and oxidize the particles at second conditions to produce chemical work from heat.

A green hydrogen production system, a green power production system, a green hydrogen and green power production system, and methods of implementing the same are provided. Catalyst for hydrogen production is sent to a raw-material mixing unit, mixed with water, and then reacted in a first water splitting unit therein to generate hydrogen gas and oxidized catalyst for hydrogen production. The hydrogen gas is delivered to a hydrogen power generation unit to produce power while the oxidized catalyst for hydrogen production is sent to a photon-plasma decomposition unit for being reduced into the catalyst for hydrogen production and oxygen generated is sent to the hydrogen power generation unit to generate power. Thereby hydrogen, power, and raw materials used in the system are recycled during operation. Therefore, green hydrogen and green power with reasonable price obtained can replace fossil fuels to solve climate change and global warming issues.

A method for splitting carbon dioxide via a two-step metal oxide thermochemical cycle by heating a metal oxide compound selected from an iron oxide material of the general formula A.sub.xFe.sub.3-xO.sub.4, where 0x1 and A is a metal selected from Mg, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and Mn, or a ceria oxide compound of the general formula M.sub.aCe.sub.bO.sub.c, where 0<a<1, 0<b<1, and 0<c<2, where M is a metal selected from the group consisting of at least one of a rare earth metal and an alkaline earth metal, to a temperature greater than approximately 1400 C., thereby producing a first solid-gas mixture, adding carbon dioxide, and heating to a temperature less than approximately 1400 C, thereby producing carbon monoxide gas and the original metal oxide compound.

Hybrid thermochemical water splitting systems are disclosed that thermally reduces metal oxides particles to displace some but not all of the electrical requirements in a water splitting electrolytic cell. In these hybrid systems, the thermal reduction temperature is significantly reduced compared to two-step metal-oxide thermochemical cycles in which only thermal energy is required to produce hydrogen from water. Also, unlike conventional higher temperature systems where the reduction step must be carried out under reduced oxygen pressure, the reduction step in the proposed hybrid systems can be carried out in air, allowing for thermal input by a solar power tower with a windowless, cavity receiver.

A reactor technology is disclosed for carrying out thermochemical processes namely splitting reactions of gas molecules fed into the reactor where at least one of the product species is temporarily stored within the reactor.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a cerium oxide catalyst doped with a metal having a reduced catalytic reduction temperature and a large reactive catalytic surface, making it particularly useful as a catalyst in the syngas production process from water and CO.sub.2 as well as in the steel industry, as it allows CO.sub.2 from the directly reduced iron production process (or DRI) to be converted into CO, the latter to be reused in the same process. The dopant metal is selected from copper, manganese and nickel.

A reactor system with a heating chamber, with at least one reactor with a reactor chamber, which has a first opening, and with a first isolating device, by way of which the first opening can be opened and can be closed in a gas-tight manner, wherein a conducting device for supplying and/or removing fluid is connected to the reactor chamber, wherein the at least one reactor has at least one reaction device with at least one block of solid medium, and with at least one transporting device, by way of which the at least one reaction device can be transported out of the reactor chamber through the first opening into a first position, in which the at least one reaction device is at least partially arranged in the heating chamber, and out of the heating chamber into a second position.

Methods and systems for splitting one or more of water and carbon dioxide are disclosed. Exemplary methods can operate under substantially isothermal conditions. The methods can include use of a material including two or more spinel phases in a solid solution. The solid solution can include oxygen, aluminum, and one or more transition metals.

The invention relates to a cyclic method of producing a hydrogen rich and/or a carbon monoxide rich stream using different materials, a first solid material, a second solid material and a CO.sub.2 sorbent material. In a first step a first gas stream comprising steam and at least one reductant is brought in contact with the three materials resulting in a hydrogen rich outlet stream. In a second step, the captured CO.sub.2 from the first step is released and converted to CO to produce a CO rich outlet stream. The invention further relates to an installation for producing a hydrogen rich and/or carbon monoxide rich stream.

The reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, which is used to convert H2 and CO2 into syngas (H2+CO) is performed using nonstoichiometric metal oxides. The RWGS reaction is performed in two separate steps, achieving both high conversion and high energy efficiency. The reaction may be performed in a single reactor or in multiple reactors arranged in series or parallel. This could be powered either by heat generated by distributed energy sources, concentrated solar thermal (CST) heat, heat from traditional energy generation sources, and/or waste electrical power.