A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method for decreasing the SFFC of a steam reforming plant, including establishing a base operating mode. Then modifying the base operating mode by introducing the shift gas stream into a solvent based, non-cryogenic separator prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption and introducing the compressed hydrogen depleted off-gas stream in a membrane separation unit, wherein the membrane is configured to produce the hydrogen enriched permeate stream at a suitable pressure to allow the hydrogen enriched permeate stream to be combined with carbon dioxide lean shift gas stream, prior to introduction into the pressure swing adsorption unit without requiring additional compression. Thereby establishing a modified operating mode. Wherein said pressure swing adsorption unit has a modified overall hydrogen recovery. Wherein said modified operating mode has a modified hydrogen production, a modified hydrogen production unit firing duty, a modified SCO2e, and a modified SFFC.

A method for producing hydrogen in a steam methane reformer with reduced carbon emissions that can include the steps of: heating a feed stream comprising methane in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated feed stream, wherein the heated feed stream is at a temperature above 500° C.; introducing the heated feed stream into a reaction zone under conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream to produce a reformed stream, wherein the reformed stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and unreacted methane; introducing the reformed stream in the presence of steam to a shift conversion unit that is configured to produce a shifted gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and purifying the shifted gas stream to produce a hydrogen product stream and a tail gas; wherein the conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream comprise providing heat to the reaction zone via combustion of a fuel and a hydrogen fuel stream in presence of an oxidizer, wherein the fuel comprises ammonia, wherein a flue gas is produced by the combustion of the fuel and the hydrogen fuel stream.

A method for producing hydrogen in a steam methane reformer with reduced carbon emissions that can include the steps of: heating a feed stream comprising methane in a first heat exchanger to produce a heated feed stream, wherein the heated feed stream is at a temperature above 500° C.; introducing the heated feed stream into a reaction zone under conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream to produce a reformed stream, wherein the reformed stream comprises hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and unreacted methane; introducing the reformed stream in the presence of steam to a shift conversion unit that is configured to produce a shifted gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide; and purifying the shifted gas stream to produce a hydrogen product stream and a tail gas; wherein the conditions effective for catalytic conversion of the heated feed stream comprise providing heat to the reaction zone via combustion of a fuel and a hydrogen fuel stream in presence of an oxidizer, wherein the fuel comprises ammonia, wherein a flue gas is produced by the combustion of the fuel and the hydrogen fuel stream.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reforming system comprising: a diesel autothermal reformer; a liquid desulfurizer disposed upstream of the diesel autothermal reformer and configured to remove sulfur compounds from diesel fuel prior to feeding to the diesel autothermal reformer; a combustor in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and configured to provide heat for the liquid desulfurizer; a regulating valve in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor, the regulating valve being configured to control diesel fuel feeds to the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor; and a post-reformer disposed downstream of the diesel autothermal reformer.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a diesel reforming system comprising: a diesel autothermal reformer; a liquid desulfurizer disposed upstream of the diesel autothermal reformer and configured to remove sulfur compounds from diesel fuel prior to feeding to the diesel autothermal reformer; a combustor in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and configured to provide heat for the liquid desulfurizer; a regulating valve in communication with the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor, the regulating valve being configured to control diesel fuel feeds to the liquid desulfurizer and the combustor; and a post-reformer disposed downstream of the diesel autothermal reformer.

A method and system for an enhanced reforming process employing a pressure swing absorber. An off-gas from the pressure swing absorber is divided with a first portion sent back into a reforming reactor and a second portion sent to a heat generator for the reforming process. The first off-gas portion from the pressure swing absorber can be pressurized by a compressor and reintroduced into a fluidized bed reactor.

The process and apparatus according to the invention allow the production of chemical compounds without the use of catalysts. For this purpose, the reactants necessary for the desired products are fed to compression reactors. In addition, the reaction conditions are controlled by means of an electronic control device. For this purpose, among other things, the compression reactors are combined with an electric motor, thereby influencing the residence time in the reactors. In addition, it is planned to raise the reactant pressures with the help of a compressor. In addition, the operating conditions are recorded with suitable sensors and/or analysers.