The present disclosure provides separation processes for removing heavy organics that are formed in various production processes of HCFO-1233zd(E). Such separation processes allow for the recovery and/or separation of the heavy organics from reactants that are used to form HCFO-1233zd(E), including HF. Such separation or recovery processes may utilize various separation techniques (e.g., decanting, liquid-liquid separation, distillation, and flash distillation) and may also utilize the unique properties of azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Recovery of the heavy organic that is substantially free from HF may allow for their use in subsequent manufacture processes or disposal.

A process for purification of hydrofluoric acid reduces the content of heavy metals, including arsenic, to values lower than five parts per million, without using any chemicals and with an integrated design of hot and cold streams that provide low energy consumption. The process allows extraction of heavy metals, especially arsenic, with minimal waste generation and while maintaining an original oxidation state, which for the case of arsenic is +3, so that the residue can he converted into a product with commercial value, such as arsenious acid. The process includes operation of four systems, namely, a hydrofluoric acid purification system, an arsenic concentration system, a hot water system, and a cold water system. The extraction of heavy metals is performed by synchronized operations of these four systems.

The present disclosure provides a novel azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and 1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HFC-143), 1-chloro-2,2-difluoroethane (HCFC-142), or 1,2-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141); and a separation method using the composition. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HFC-143. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-142. An azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and HCFC-141. A separation method of a composition comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of HFC-143, HCFC-142, and HCFC-141.

A method of recovering hydrogen fluoride (HF) in a fluorocarbon production process, including absorbing hydrogen fluoride (HF) from an organic stream into water and distilling the hydrogen fluoride (HF) and water solution to produce a recovered hydrogen fluoride (HF) product. The recovered hydrogen fluoride (HF) product may then be used in a variety of fluorocarbon manufacturing processes.

A method for preparing electronic grade inorganic acids includes: introducing alkali metal salts into a waste acid solution containing hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and water to obtain hydrogen fluoride vapor, and a distillation residue mixture containing nitric acid, water and the alkali metal salts; subjecting the first distillation residue mixture to evaporation treatment, and then introducing an alkali earth metal nitrate salt into the resultant nitric acid/water mixture followed by distillation treatment so as to obtain nitric acid vapor; and removing mist droplets in the hydrogen fluoride and nitric acid vapor, followed by condensation treatment and concentration adjustment so as to obtain electronic grade hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.