An anode is provided. The anode can comprise a three dimensional current collector and an anode active material layer provided on the surface of the three dimensional current collector.

Disclosed is a method for preparing iron phosphate and by-product fertilizer using ammonium phosphate. The granulation device for by-product fertilizer production comprises a housing having accommodation space which is divided from top to bottom into a granulation chamber, a material-screening chamber and a temporary material-storing chamber; a blowing component provided between the granulation chamber and the material-screening chamber; and a vibrating screen which is able to vertically reciprocated provided between the material-screening chamber and the temporary material-storing chamber which is connected to a discharge pipe, wherein the upper end of the housing is provided with a detachable cover having multiple spraying devices for spraying the molten material into the housing and connected to an exhaust pipe. The blowing component comprises multiple staggered and interconnected distribution pipes the upper end of which is connected to multiple blasting pipes and a side of which is connected to an intake pipe.

An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of A.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.1.702Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3 and Na.sub.0.872Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

An electrode material including a carbonaceous-coated electrode active material having primary particles of an electrode active material and secondary particles that are aggregates of the primary particles, and a carbonaceous film that coats the primary particles of the electrode active material and the secondary particles that are the aggregates of the primary particles, in which a proportion of a volume of micropores having a micropore diameter of 50 nm or less in a volume of micropores having a micropore diameter of 300 nm or less, which is obtained using a nitrogen adsorption method, is 40% or more.

A method for the manufacture of crystal water-free iron(II) orthophosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 or crystal water-free iron(II) metal orthophosphate, iron(II) metal pyrophosphate or iron(II) metal metaphosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.aMet.sub.b(PO.sub.c).sub.d, where a is a number from 1 to 5, b is a number from >0 to 5, c is a number from 2.5 to 5, d is a number from 0.5 to 3 and Met represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, the transition metals (d block), in particular Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Cu, Zn and the metals and semimetals of the third, fourth and fifth main groups, in particular B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Sb, Bi and the lanthanoids.

The present disclosure discloses a preparation method of a layered carbon-doped sodium iron phosphate cathode material, including: placing a carbonate powder in an inert atmosphere, introducing a gaseous organic matter, and heating to allow a reaction to obtain a MCO.sub.3/C layered carbon material; and mixing the MCO.sub.3/C layered carbon material, a sodium source, ferrous phosphate, and a dispersing agent in an inert atmosphere, grinding a resulting mixture, washing and drying to remove the dispersing agent, and heating to allow a reaction in an inert atmosphere to obtain the layered carbon-doped sodium iron phosphate cathode material.

An energy storage composition can be used as a new Na-ion battery cathode material. The energy storage composition with an alluaudite phase of A.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.xT.sub.y(PO4).sub.z, Na.sub.1.702Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3 and Na.sub.0.872Fe.sub.3(PO4).sub.3, is described including the hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties. After ball milling and carbon coating, the compositions described herein demonstrate a reversible capacity, such as about 140.7 mAh/g. In addition these compositions exhibit good cycling performance (93% of the initial capacity is retained after 50 cycles) and excellent rate capability. These alluaudite compounds represent a new cathode material for large-scale battery applications that are earth-abundant and sustainable.

A method for manufacturing metal phosphate hydrate nanoparticles wherein metal reactants are selected from metal precursors of transition metals,phosphate precursors are selected from: Trisodium phosphate Na.sub.3PO.sub.4, disodium phosphate Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4, phosphoric acid H.sub.3PO.sub.4 and hypophosphoric acid H.sub.4P.sub.2O.sub.6, wherein said method comprises the following step of a reaction medium comprising at least a metal reactant, a phosphate precursor and a solvent, is submitted to a solvothermal treatment at a pressure superior to 50 MPa, and at a temperature of from 100 to 350 C.

An electrode material including a carbonaceous-coated electrode active material having primary particles of an electrode active material and secondary particles that are aggregates of the primary particles, and a carbonaceous film that coats the primary particles of the electrode active material and the secondary particles that are the aggregates of the primary particles, in which a proportion of a volume of micropores having a micropore diameter of 50 nm or less in a volume of micropores having a micropore diameter of 300 nm or less, which is obtained using a nitrogen adsorption method, is 40% or more.

A method for the manufacture of crystal water-free iron(II) orthophosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2 or crystal water-free iron(II) metal orthophosphate, iron(II) metal pyrophosphate or iron(II) metal metaphosphate of the general formula Fe.sub.aMet.sub.b(PO.sub.c).sub.d, where a is a number from 1 to 5, b is a number from >0 to 5, c is a number from 2.5 to 5, d is a number from 0.5 to 3 and Met represents one or more metals selected from the group consisting of K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, the transition metals (d block), in particular Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Cu, Zn and the metals and semimetals of the third, fourth and fifth main groups, in particular B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Sn, Sb, Bi and the lanthanoids.