A material, especially a glassy material of pyrophosphate type, corresponding to the general formula (I): {[(M.sup.2+).sub.1x(R.sup.+).sub.2x].sub.2[(P.sub.2O.sub.7.sup.4).sub.1y(PO.sub.4.sup.3).sub.4y/3]} n(H.sub.2O) in which x and y are positive rational numbers each between 0 and 0.8, and n is such that the weight percentage of water in the material is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 95. M.sup.2+ represents a bivalent ion of a metal chosen from calcium, magnesium, strontium, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel, or any mixture of such bivalent ions. R.sup.+ represents a monovalent ion of a metal selected from potassium, lithium, sodium, and silver, or any mixture of such monovalent ions. This material in particular can be used in manufacturing of bone replacements or prosthesis coatings.

Techniques are described for preparing a water filtration composition that includes activated carbon having an ash content of at least 10 wt. % and particles of a solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent forms a water-soluble complex with cations (e.g., calcium ions). This increases the solubility of calcium ions and other scale-forming ions in water, thus suppressing scale formation on interior surfaces of water processing infrastructure. The activated carbon and the solubilizing agent are processed to have particle sizes in a same range, thus enabling the activated carbon and the solubilizing agent to be thoroughly mixed together.

Techniques are described for preparing a water filtration composition that includes activated carbon having an ash content of at least 10 wt. % and particles of a solubilizing agent. The solubilizing agent forms a water-soluble complex with cations (e.g., calcium ions). This increases the solubility of calcium ions and other scale-forming ions in water, thus suppressing scale formation on interior surfaces of water processing infrastructure. The activated carbon and the solubilizing agent are processed to have particle sizes in a same range, thus enabling the activated carbon and the solubilizing agent to be thoroughly mixed together.

This invention concerns a calcium polyphosphate material consisting of amorphous nanoparticles with a diameter of approximately between about 45 nm to about 0.25 m that displays a considerable hardness (elastic modulus) of about 1.3 GPa. The inventive noncrystalline and biodegradable material that is produced under mild conditions, at room temperature, is morphogenetically active and preferably induces bone formation and the expression of the marker gene for osteoblast activity, alkaline phosphatase. In a preferred aspect, the invention concerns a method for producing amorphous retinol/calcium-polyphosphate nanospheres (retinol/aCa-polyP-NS) that show several unexpected properties and can be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of a variety of dermatological conditions, including photoaging.

Polyphosphate compositions are produced by a process that includes the steps of continuously introducing a phosphate compound into a polymerization vessel, polymerizing the phosphate compound at a temperature of 250-450? C. for a time period sufficient to form the polyphosphate composition, and continuously discharging the polyphosphate composition from the polymerization vessel. The phosphate compound can be fed to the polymerization vessel in the form of an aqueous slurry containing 5-50 wt. % of the phosphate compound. Resulting polyphosphate compositions often contain at least 8 wt. % of a polyphosphate and less than 35 wt. % of the phosphate compound.

A method for preparation of graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis belongs to the field of the preparation of flame retardant. Ammonia water is used as hydrolytic agent of amino silane. In the early stage of synthesis of ammonium polyphosphate with phosphorus pentoxide, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and melamine as raw materials, hydrolyzed amino silane ammonia mixture is added, and continues warming reaction, when the temperature drops to a certain temperature, melamine is added to maintain high temperature reaction for a certain period of time, then cools to obtain graft modified ammonium polyphosphate with ultra-low hydroplaning and resistance to hydrolysis. The present disclosure grafts ammonium polyphosphate with two kinds of amino grafting in stages, and the modified ammonium polyphosphate products after grafted basically have no hydroplaning when meets water. Because of addition of excessive melamine in late stage, the excessive melamine is not only used for graft modified ammonium polyphosphate, but also used for reacting with acidic ammonium polyphosphate whose polymerization is incomplete, making it form polyphosphate melamine, eliminate the formation of water-soluble small molecules, and reduce water solubility of the products to a greater extent.

The invention relates to mixtures containing, as component (A) ammonium polyphosphate and, as component (B) a soluble ionic compound which contains sulfate and/or is capable of releasing sulfate ions. The invention also relates to a method for producing such mixtures and to the use thereof.

An equilibrium solution, such as a beverage product, containing a calcium salt of a sequestrant (such as calcium hexametaphosphate), coordinated compound of a calcium sequestrant and a sequestrant allows the delivery of bio-available calcium while maintaining the preservative qualities of the sequestrant (such as sodium hexametaphosphate). In one embodiment, the reaction of a salt such as calcium hydroxide and a sequestrant such as sodium potassium hexametaphosphate (sodium potassium polyphosphate) yields such an equilibrium solution in a beverage matrix. Calcium hexametaphosphate having a relatively short phosphate chain is disclosed, as well as the method of making that material, and beverage compositions containing the material together with a sequestrant preservative, such as SHMP.

An equilibrium solution, such as a beverage product, containing a calcium salt of a sequestrant (such as calcium hexametaphosphate), coordinated compound of a calcium sequestrant and a sequestrant allows the delivery of bio-available calcium while maintaining the preservative qualities of the sequestrant (such as sodium hexametaphosphate). In one embodiment, the reaction of a salt such as calcium hydroxide and a sequestrant such as sodium potassium hexametaphosphate (sodium potassium polyphosphate) yields such an equilibrium solution in a beverage matrix. Calcium hexametaphosphate having a relatively short phosphate chain is disclosed, as well as the method of making that material, and beverage compositions containing the material together with a sequestrant preservative, such as SHMP.

An anticorrosive pigment comprising an aluminum polyphosphate comprises at least one cerium-based compound and/or one lanthanum-based compound and/or one praseodymium-based compound. An anticorrosive paint incorporating the pigment is also provided.